Peptidoglycan is composed of: Strands of repeating subunits of G and M with a short stem peptide linked to G A phospholipid bilayer made from lipopolysaccharides linked to O-antigens A phospholipid bilayer with embedded teichoic acids Strands of repeating subunits of G and M with a short stem peptide linked to M.
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- thick layer of peptidoglycan outside of a single lipid bilayer The cell walls of Gram-negative bactena such as E. coli have a structure characterized by: proteoglycans located exterior to a lipid bilayer membrane carbohydrates that include celnulose as a major component two lipid bilayers separated by a thin layer of peptidoglycan proteins such as versican and serglycin located in the extracellular matrix b)Match the letter in the diagram with the accumulation or localization of active (or about to be active) protein in a given cellular context, which is wild-type unless specified. CYTOSOL EXTRACELLULAR SPACE A 1. M6P receplor bound to ligand 2. a protein with an (N-SIG] only in a class E yeast mutant 3. plasma membrane v-SNARE 4, clathrinEnzyme Carboxypeptidase A CBZ-NH-CH, C-NH-CH-COOH CH₂ C6H5 Papain a-chymotrypsin Substrate HIV protease N-CBZ-glycyl-L-phenylalanine ก CBZ-NHCH--C--NH-CH, CẢNH CH2 CH₂ N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycyl- p-nitroanilide CHỦ NHCH I CH2 CH --NH-CH-C-NH--CH,-COOH N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-glycine NH on C.NH NO₂ CH3 CH₂ CH2 C6H5 -NH-CH--COOH 1 CH3 N-acetyl-L-valyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanine Inhibitor I i CBZ-NH-CH -C--NH-CH-COOH 3Z--NH-CH I CH 3 CH2 C Hs N-CBZ-D-alanyl-L-phenylalanine CBZ--NH-CH--C--NH--CH, I CH₂ C6H5 N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycinal CH3-C-NH-CH-C-OH CH₂ C6H5 N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine CH3 quemq CH₂-CH-COOH -NH-CH-C-CH2-CH-COOH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 C6H5 --NH-- N-(N-(acetyl)-valyl)-5-amino-5-benzyl-4-keto- 2-methyl-pentanoic acid Inhibitor II CBZ-NH-CH₂--P--NH--CH--COOH 0 N-(CBZ-aminomethyl-oxyhydroxyphos- phinyl)-L-phenylalanine 1 CH2 C6H5 CBZ--NH-CH--C--NH-CH2-COOH I CH 2 C6H5 i N-CBZ-L-phenylalanyl-glycine CH3--C--NH--CH--CH(OH)CH₂CH2COOH CH2 C6H5 N-acetyl-5-amino-5-benzyl-4-hydroxy-…
- Gram-positive eubacterial cells (like Clostridium perfringens) contain which components? a cell wall made of pseudomurein, and membrane fatty acids ester-linked to glycerol (G-3-P lipids) a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and membrane alcohols ether-linked to glycerol (G-1-P lipids) a cell wall made of cellulose, and membrane alcohols ether-linked to glycerol (G-1-P lipids) a cell wall made of pseudomurein, and membrane alcohols ether-linked to glycerol (G-1-P lipids) a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and membrane fatty acids ester-linked to glycerol (G-3-P lipids)Clathrin coat features and activities it participated include Its protein chains, triskelion, are arranged with the membrane through adaptors to form invaginations or pits. Its protein chains, triskelion, are arranged with the membrane through adaptors to form invaginations or pits. Its protein chains, triskelion, are arranged with the membrane through adaptors to form invaginations or pits. Its protein chains, triskelion, are arranged with the membrane through adaptors to form invaginations or pits.What specific molecule gives rise to the stability and fluidity of the membrane and what are the biochemical properties of this molecule that cause fluidity and stability? A- B I F @ 2 7
- The plasma membrane of P. bursaria is about 56%56% protein and 40%40% phospholipid by weight. How many molecules of membrane lipid are present for each molecule of membrane protein? Assume an average protein ?rMr of 4.8×1044.8×104 and an average phospholipid ?rMr of 750.Why is the rigid layer of the bacterial cell wall calledpeptidoglycan?Place the following steps of the bacterial protein synthesis in their correct order? Peptide bond formation at the peptidyl-transferase center. Binding of MRNA and initiator formyl-methionyl-IRNAMet to the 30S ribosomal subunit, Aminoacylation and formylation of the initiator tRNAMet Joining of the 30S and the 50S ribosomal subunits, Release Factor (RF) dependent hydrolysis of the peptidyl RNA and release of the fully synthesized polypeptide from the ribosome. Elongation Factor G (EF G) dependent translocation of the ribosome by one codon along the MRNA Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) dependent delivery of an aminoacyl-IRNA to the ribosomal A site
- Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell? protein synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the Golgi apparatus; packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the vesicle synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; tagging in the Golgi; packaging in the vesicle; distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum synthesis of the protein on the ribosome; modification in the endoplasmic reticulum; tagging in the Golgi; distribution via the vesicle synthesis of the protein on the lysosome; packaging in the vesicle; distribution via the Golgi; tagging in the endoplasmic reticulumGiven the highly complex lipidcomposition of cell membranes,what are the variations withindifferent organelle membranes in ananimal cell? What are the functionalconsequences of these differences,and what are the roles of the minorlipid species?In the early days of ribosome research, before the exact role of ribosomes was clear, a researcher made the following observation. She could find, in sedimentation experiments on bacterial lysates, not only 3OS, 50S, and 70S particles, but also some particles that sedimented at about 100S and 130S. When she treated such a mixture with EDTA, everything dissociated to 30S and 50S particles. Upon adding divalent ions, she could regain 70S particles, but never 100S or 130S particles. (a) Suggest what the 10oS and 130S particles might represent, in light of cur- rent knowledge of protein synthesis. What important discovery did the researcher miss? (b) Why do you think reassociation to 100S and 130S particles did not work?