Part II. 1. Herschel-Buckley Equation An unknown non-newtonian fluid underwent theology analysis. Assuming the yield stress is 36.3 Pa. Determine the fluid behavior index, consistency coefficient and type of non-newtonian fluid. Shear Rate (1/s) Shear Stress (Pa) 1 159 10 260 20 312 30 350 40 380 50 407 60 430
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- One of the conditions in using the Bernoulli equation is the requirement of inviscid flow. However there is no fluid with zero viscosity in the world except some peculiar fluid at very low temperature. Bernoulli equation or inviscid flow theory is still a very important branch of fluid dynamics for the following reasons: (i) (ii) There is wide region of flow where the velocity gradient is zero and so the viscous effect does not manifest itself, such as in external flow past an un- stalled aerofoil. The conservation of useful energy allows the conversion of kinetic and potential energy to pressure and hence pressure force acting normal to the control volume or system boundary even though the tangential friction stress is absent. It allows the estimation of losses in internal pipe flow. (A) (i) and (ii) (B) (i) and (iii) (ii) and (iii) All of the above (C) (D)A- Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both speciesThe following rheological data were collected on a new "Thick 'n Spicy" brand of tomato catsup at 20°C and 90 kPa. rate of shear (s") shear stress (Pa) 10.0 20.4 20.0 21.5 40.0 23.0 60.0 25.0 80.0 26.5 (a) Plot these measured values on graph-paper. Which class of fluid does the catsup belong to?
- Saturated steam at 99.6 °C is heated to 350°C. Use the steam table provided to determine: a. The required heat input if 1 kg of steam undergoes the process in a variable-volume constant-pressure container. b. The work of expansion (in kJ) of the steam undergoing the process. C. The required heat input if a continuous stream flowing at 1 kg/s undergoes the process at constant pressure. d. Does your numeric answer to part c equal the sum of parts b and a? Explain why or why not. Given: 1 bar = 10 N/m4, Q= AH, Q = AU, AA = AÛ + PAV, table B.7 in kJ/kg and m/kg.The following rheological data were collected on a new "Thick 'n Spicy" brand of tomato catsup at 20°C and 90 kPa. rate of shear (s') shear stress (Pa) 10.0 20.4 20.0 21.5 40.0 23.0 60.0 25.0 80.0 26.5 (a) Plot these measured values on graph-paper. Which class of fluid does the catsup belong to? (b) Write the appropriate model for describing the rheological behavior of "Thick 'n Spicy" catsup. Specify the numerical value(s) and the units of the associated constant(s). (c) What shear stress is expected when the rate of shear, under vigorous shaking of a bottle of "Thick 'n Spicy", is 150 s?In fluid mechanics, which of the following are true: (a) Fluid mechanics is the branch of science concerned with stationary fluids (b) Fluids like water posses only potential energy (c) The field of fluid mechanics is infinite and endless (d) It is a branch of physics which concerns the study of liquids and the ways in which they interact with forces (e) It is a sience concerned with the response of fluids to forces exerted upon them, (f) the fluid which is in state of rest is called as static fluid and its study is called as statics.
- Mott ." cometer, which we can analyze later in Chap. 7. A small ball of diameter D and density p, falls through a tube of test liquid (p. µ). The fall velocity V is calculated by the time to fall a measured distance. The formula for calculating the viscosity of the fluid is discusses a simple falling-ball vis- (Po – p)gD² 18 V This result is limited by the requirement that the Reynolds number (pVD/u) be less than 1.0. Suppose a steel ball (SG = 7.87) of diameter 2.2 mm falls in SAE 25W oil (SG = 0.88) at 20°C. The measured fall velocity is 8.4 cm/s. (a) What is the viscosity of the oil, in kg/m-s? (b) Is the Reynolds num- ber small enough for a valid estimate?Viscosity of fluid plays a significant role in the analyses of many fluid dynamics problems. The viscosity of water can be determined from the correlation: H = c, where µ = viscosity (N/s · m²) T = temperature (K) C, = 2.414 × 10-5 C; = 247.8 (K) Cz = 140 (K) What is the appropriate unit for c, if the preceding equation is to be homogeneous in units?Taylor number (Ta) is used here to describe the ratio between the inertia effect and the viscous effect. By applying Buckingham Pi's Theorem, determine an equation for Ta as a function of the radius of inner cylinder (r), cylinder tangential velocity (v), fluid dynamic viscosity (u), gap distance (L) and fluid density (p). Q4
- In this lab we will drop a steel ball (Psteel = 8000 kg/m³, rball = 2.18 x10³ m) through the air (Nair = 1.8 x105 Pa.s, Pair = 1.29 kg/m³), and through a viscous soap solution (Nsoap = 9.0 Pa.s [you will measure this number in the lab, but use this number for the prelab], Psoap = 1000 kg/m³). %3D 1 Pa = 1 N/m?. Calculate the terminal speed of the ball falling through the air, assuming that inertial drag is the dominant contributor. (For a sphere CD = and A is the area of the circle of radius r of the ball). Neglecting drag, estimate the time in seconds it takes for the steel ball to reach the terminal speed found in part 2 (i). Neglecting drag, estimate how far the ball would have travelled before reaching its terminal speed and comment on whether it is reasonable to neglect drag when studying the motion of this ball as it falls through the air from rest from the top of a 30 cm tall beaker or even from the ceiling of the room. Neglecting drag it would take 36 m to reach the terminal…COE0051 FLUID MECHANICS 2 PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS Section Break (Continuous)- 1. A 30x60 cm plate is pulled through the oil with viscosity of 0.05 kg/m-s. The distance between the parallel plates are 1.5 cm. If the plate is need to pull at the rate of 0.4 m/s, what is the force needed to attain this velocity? FIXED PLATE лиши 1.5 cm FIXED PLATE October 20, 2022 .5 cm 1.0 cm .4 m/sYou have been moved into the laboratory for the fluid testing for hydraulic devices, where your job is to illustrate the results of a viscosity test on a Newtonian fluid at various temperatures and explain discrepancies after completing the following given data-sheet in Table A. A considerable amount of research has been carried out in an attempt to understand the exact nature of the temperature variation of viscosity. One relatively simple model assumes that the viscosity obeys an 'Arrhenius-like' equation of the form n = Xe(k)r Хе --------Equation 1 where X = 1.7419 and (E/R) = -0.018 are constants for a given fluid. You are required to carry out appropriate calculations on the effect of changes in temperature given in table A by using equation 1 for Ethanol on the viscosity of a fluid. Table A NO Temperature viscocity n T°C cP 10 3 20 30 40 6. 50 7 60 8. 70 2. 4) 5.