Oxidation of which substance in the body yields the most calories (A)Glucose (B)Glycogen (C)Protein (D)Lipids
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- Excess glucose in the body is converted to 1) Fat only 2) Amino acids only 3) glycogen only 4) fat and glycogen 5) cholesterol and glucagonsThe ultimate substances to which the carbohydrates are degraded are (a) amino acid (b) glycerol (c) glucose (d) maltoseWhich statement best summarizes the steps are involved before sugar is able to enter the bloodstream? (a) food is mechanically and chemically broken down until it becomes oxygen in the blood stream until we chemically break oxygen away from it to get energy we can use (b) we mechanically break down food until it turns into sugar and enters the bloodstream and can be broken down for energy we can use (c) food and oxygen are broken down by the digestive system and they’re chemically combined to make sugar, which we can use as energy (d) food is mechanically and chemically broken down until nutrients enter the bloodstream and can be combined with oxygen to create energy we can use
- Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is a) The presence of lipids in the diet slows down digestion in the b) Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the c) Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose d) Chylomicrons carry TAGs from the diet into the e) During fasting and starvation the liver produces ketone bodies which fuel the heart and f) The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for g) When glucose enters the cell it is immediately and reversibly h) Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate need for energy by muscle i) Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose j) With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached a maximum) is converted to fat, leading to high [malonyl-CoA]. k) Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase II , thus slowing…Which of these vitamins can serve as a cofactor?(a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin C(c) Vitamin DThe synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrates is called (a) glycolysis. (b) lipolysis. (c) gluconeogenesis. (d) beta-oxidation.
- Name two end products of protein metabolism. (A) urea and uric acid B vitamin D and vitamin K C) lecithin and uremia D) creatinine and aldosteroneWhich of these are the products of the complete oxidation of glucose by cellular respiration? a) water, carbon dioxide, ATP b) sugar, oxygen, ATP c) oxygen, carbon dioxide, ATP d) Water, carbon dioxide, heat and light e) carbon dioxide and waterIn the 1930's a chemical known as DNP was touted as en effective diet pill. Weight loss was dramatic in patients taking this drug. However, to quote Efraim Racker (A New Look at Mechanisms in Bioenergetics, Academic Press, 1976, p. 155), ..."the treatment eliminated not only the fat but also the patients,...This discouraged physicians for awhile..." This drug works for weight loss, by causing the leakage of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following would you expect to see in patients taking DNP? Select the best answer. Question options: decreased ability to produce ATP increased ability to produce ATP decreased ability to use Krebs cycle to produce ATP slowing down the citric acid cycle.
- Which of the following statements regarding glucose is NOT true? a.)Glucose is a monosaccharide sugar b.)Glucose can be metabolized by both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism c.)The normal blood glucose concentration is 4-7 mmol/l d.)A high blood glucose concentration is called hypoglycemia. If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch, which storedfuel would you probably tap?(A) muscle proteins(B) muscle and liver glycogen(C) fat in the liver(D) fat in adipose tissueWhich of the following statements is true about brain metabolism in starvation? a) The brain can use glucogenic amino acids for energy b) The brain can only use glucose as fuel c) Up to a quarter of energy requirement of the brain can come from fatty acids d) Up to a half of energy requirement of the brain can come from ketone bodies