One year from today, the U.S. government will spend roughly $850 (in billions) on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements to hospitals and medical care providers. Assume the relevant discount rate is 5%.If expenditures on Medicare and Medicaid continue to grow at an annual rate of 4%, what is the present value of all future government expenditure on these programs? Answer correctly with proper explanation
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One year from today, the U.S. government will spend roughly $850 (in billions) on Medicare and
Medicaid reimbursements to hospitals and medical care providers. Assume the relevant discount
rate is 5%.If expenditures on Medicare and Medicaid continue to grow at an annual rate of 4%,
what is the present value of all future government expenditure on these programs?
Answer correctly with proper explanation
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- The federal government is considering an investment that would cost $25 billion in construction costs today (this year), but would reduce spending by $2 billion in each of the next 15 years. Suppose future values are discounted at a rate of 4 percent. a. What is the present value of the $2 billion annual savings from the project? b. should the government finance this project? Briefly explain.Consider a lottery ticket which costs $1 and has a probability of winning equal to 146 million to 1. Assume that a lottery winner receives a single lump-sum payment one year after they win and the government takes 25% of the winnings. If the discount rate (annual) for the after-tax cashflow is 5% what is the smallest lottery jackpot that makes purchasing a lottery ticket a positive NPV project?1. A cost-benefit analysis of a new irrigation project indicates that the net benefits (B C) of the project in each of the first four years will be $2 million. Thereafter, the project will yield positive net benefits of $750,000 for the next 20 years. Calculate the present valueof benefits minus costs when the social rate of discount is 10 percent. You can use spreadsheet software to do this calculation. Does the program merit approval? How would the present value of the net benefits change if the social rate of discount were 15 percent?
- For this investment, an initial amount of $25,000 should be paid this year (t=0). As of next year (t=1), five equal payments of $20,000 should also be paid (i.e., from t=1 to t=5). Thus, the sum of the required investment expenditure over those periods is $125,000. How much is the sum of the present value of the required investment expenditure over those periods, assuming that the annual interest rate is 5%?You are evaluating a growing perpetuity product from a large financial services firm. The product promises an initial payment of $25,000 at the end of this year and subsequent payments that will thereafter grow at a rate of 0.05 annually. If you use a discount rate of 0.08 for investment products, what is the present value of this growing perpetuity? Round to two decimal places.Rocor is considering the implementation of a lockbox collection system for its mid-western and western sales regions. Sales in those two regions are 30 percent of Tocor's annual sales of $560 million. The lockbox system will cost $187,000 a year and reduce collection by time by 3 days. If Tocor could invets any released funds at 10.85 percent, should it use the lockbox system and what would be the savings/loss. Assume 365 days per year.
- You are considering investment in the following projects. Assume that your discount rate is 12% per year for both projects. Project A’s cash flows Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 -$12,000 $7,000 $3,000 $2,000 $1,500 Project B’s cash flows Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 -$11,000 $6,000 $2,500 $1,500 $1,200 (d) Now suppose that your discount rate is 5% per year for both projects. If projects A and B are mutually exclusive which project will you accept, if any? (e) Calculate Payback Period for project A and Payback Period for project B. (f) Suppose that the payback cutoff for both projects is 3.5 years, which project (if any) should be accepted using payback periods rule? (Disregard NPV and IRR rules in answering this question)(Chapter 6) Suppose a project at your office five years from now will generate costs and benefits over two years: the year in which the project starts (year 0) and the following year (year 1). Benefits will be $1,000 in year 0 and $800 in year 1, while costs will be $150 in year 0 and S1,500 in year 1. Let the discount rate equal 3% (or 0.03). Please derive the present values for costs and benefits, and determine if benefits exceed costs for this project. Then, please explain in the form of a one-act play some of the main ideas in Dr. Harcourt's article on the history and methodology of cost-benefit analysis to someone in your office who has not studied this material previously.What is the NPV of a $45,000 project that is expected to have an after-tax cash flow of $14,000 for the first two years, $10,000 for the next two years, and $8,000 for the fifth year? Use a discount rate of 8%. Would you accept or reject the investment?
- You are considering investment in the following projects. Assume that your discount rate is 12% per year for both projects. Project A’s cash flows Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 -$12,000 $7,000 $3,000 $2,000 $1,500 Project B’s cash flows Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 -$11,000 $6,000 $2,500 $1,500 $1,200 (a) Calculate IRR for project A and IRR for project B. (b) Calculate NPV for project A and NPV for project B. (c) If projects A and B are mutually exclusive which project will you accept, if any?A perpetuity will make its first payment in 20 years. The first payment will be $5,000, and future payments will increase at a 10 percent annual rate. What is the present value of this investment, assuming a 10% discount rate? Place Answer in Blank Above. What is the difference between a perpetuity and a growing perpetuity? What are real-world examples of each?You invest $12,650 in a project today. You expect to receive cash flows $3,200, $5,160, $4,288, $7,365 and $2,465 for years 1 to 5, respectively. If the required return is 12 percent. What is the discounted payback period?