On single-processor systems, in a correct solution to the critical section problem: a) A process that does not execute a code-related to the Critical Section should not prevent others from entering the Critical Section b) Processes should enter the Critical Section in First-Come-First-Served fashion

On single-processor systems, in a correct solution to the critical section problem: a) A process that does not execute a code-related to the Critical Section should not prevent others from entering the Critical Section b) Processes should enter the Critical Section in First-Come-First-Served fashion

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter11: Operating Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17VE

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In the context of an operating system, an interrupt is a mechanism that allows the CPU to temporarily halt its current execution and switch to a different task or process in response to an external event. Interrupts are crucial for efficiently managing input/output (I/O) operations. Explain interrupts in I/O operations and provide an example to illustrate the concepts.
Determine what is the type of decision mode (non-preemptive or preemptive) to be exercised on a process during uniprocessor scheduling under the following circumstances: a. A process is aborted. Interrupt take place based on a certain clock interval. A process is requesting for I/O. A new process arrival. A process is requesting for operating system services.
In disabling interrupt synchronization method, a process must disable interrupt just afterentering a critical section and re-enable it just before leaving it. In a multiprocessorsystem, a particular process P1 disables interrupt after entering a critical section byusing one CPU and meanwhile another CPU has interrupt enable flag set to 0. Anotherprocess P2 wants to enter the critical section by using any of the two CPUs. Suggestwhat could occur in this scenario.
"Interrupt" or "Traps" may completely halt a process.Provide examples of Interrupt and Trap, as well as their distinctions.
1. When a program is adapted to run on multiple cores in a multiprocessor system, the execution time on each core is comprised of computing time and the overhead time required for locked critical sections and/or to send data from one core to another. Assume a program requires t = 200 sec of execution time on one core. When run on n cores, each core requires t/n sec, as well as an additional 10 sec of overhead, irrespective of the number of cores. a. Compute the per-core execution time for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 cores. b. For each case, list the corresponding speedup relative to a single core and the ratio between actual speedup versus ideal speedup (speedup if there was no overhead).
P1, P2, P3 process are executing 2sec for Processor-bound and 2sec for 1/O bound execution. Process P1, P2, P3 are repeating this execution format for 4times,2times,3times respectively. Find the CPU utilization with multi-programming and without multi-programming and justify your answer.
Please help 4. A process execution can be interrupted by "Interrupt" or "Traps".Explain the difference between Interrupt and Trap and give examples for Interrupt and Trap.
What is not a disadvantage of priority scheduling in operating systems?a) A low priority process might have to wait indefinitely for the CPUb) If the system crashes, the low priority systems may be lost permanentlyc) Interrupt handlingd) Indefinite blocking
Explain how to avoid a process from being starved in priority scheduling?
In the context of scheduling and dispatching of processes on a single-core processor, a. What is the purpose of a context switch? b. Describe the steps, in order, taken by a kernel to context-switch between processes.
Computer Science The total ISR instruction count for interrupt A, interrupt B, and interrupt C are 75, 105, and 80 instructions, respectively. Interrupt A occurs thrice as often as interrupt B, while interrupt C is called once whenever the other interrupts are called. If our microcontroller executes 60 million instructions per second and the combined CPU percentage of the three interrupts is 10% assuming they do not interrupt each other. What is the CPU overhead of interrupt A alone? (Answer as a percentage rounded off to two decimal places e.g. 12.345% is entered as 12.35) A timer was configured to generate an interrupt with a prescaler of 8 and a period register of 311. The ISR for the timer interrupt takes 73 instruction cycles in total, including context save and restore. If the instruction frequency is 8 MHz and the timer operates continuously, what is the percentage of CPU time used for the ISR? Note: Assume 1 additional cycle between timer rollovers and answer in percentage…
Question 1 (Processes) a. A multi-programmed system with a single CPU has a very large number of CPU bound processes running on it that all have the same priority. Could you think of a CPU scheduling algorithm that would combine the lowest possible response times with the highest possible throughput and no starvation? Briefly explain your answer. b. Some operating systems force a context switch when a mutex (or spinlock) has been spin- ning for too long. List two reasons why this approach may be useful. c. This question relates to threads. Assume two user threads that increment a shared counter. The code runs on a multi-core system. Is it possible to obtain a concurrent implementation that is free of race conditions without using mutexes or semaphores (yes / no)? Briefly explain your answer. d. Figure 1 illustrates the times at which 10 different processes run on a single core of a single CPU. Every "row" represents a different process. The times increase towards the right, and…