On a production line, parts are produced with a certain average size, but the exact size of each part varies due to the imprecision of the production process. Suppose that the difference between the size of the pieces produced (in millimeters) and the average size, which we will call production error, can be modeled as a continuous random variable X with a probability density function given by f(x) = 2, 5e^(-5|x|), for x E R (is in the image). Parts where the production error is less than -0.46 mm or greater than 0.46 mm should be discarded. Calculate (approximating to 4 decimal places): a) What is the proportion of parts that the company discards in its production process? b) What is the proportion of parts produced where the production error is positive? c) Knowing that for a given part the production error is positive, what is the probability of this part being discarded?
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
On a production line, parts are produced with a certain average size, but the exact size of each part varies due to the imprecision of the production process. Suppose that the difference between the size of the pieces produced (in millimeters) and the average size, which we will call production error, can be modeled as a continuous random variable X with a probability density
Calculate (approximating to 4 decimal places):
a) What is the proportion of parts that the company discards in its production process?
b) What is the proportion of parts produced where the production error is positive?
c) Knowing that for a given part the production error is positive, what is the probability of this part being discarded?
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