Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is hot cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS
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- Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in your localhost, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT of RTT1, . . ., RTTn. Further suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains exactly one object, consisting of a small amount of HTML text. Let RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the object. Assuming zero transmission time of the object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receives the object? Justify your answer.Suppose within your web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that three DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS. The first DNS server visited is the local DNS cache, with an RTT delay of RTT = 4 msecs. The second and third DNS servers contacted have RTTs of 45 and 24 msecs, respectively. Initially, let's suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains exactly one object, consisting of a small amount of HTML text. Suppose the RTT between the local host and the Web server containing the object is RTTHTTP = 9 msecs. Assuming zero transmission time for the HTML object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receives the object? (Do not forget the TCP handshake(s).) 82 msecs O 91 msecs O 46 msecs O 67 msecsSuppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL isnot cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS servers arevisited before your host receives the IP address from DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT of RTT1, . . ., RTTn.Further suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains exactly one object, consisting of a small amount ofHTML text. Let RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the object. Assuming zerotransmission time of the object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receivesthe object?
- P7. Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT of RTT 1 , . . . , RTT n RTT1, . . . , RTTn. Further suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains exactly one object, consisting of a small amount of HTML text. Let RTT 0 RTT0 denote the RTT between the local host and the server containing the object. Assuming zero transmission time of the object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receives the object? P8. Referring to Problem P7, suppose the HTML file references eight very small objects on the same server. Neglecting transmission times, how much time elapses with Non-persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connections? Non-persistent HTTP with…B. Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that two DNS servers are visited before your host receives the IP address from DNS. The first DNS server visited is the local DNS cache, with an RTT delay of RTTO = 5 msecs. The second DNS server contacted has an RTT of 8 msecs. Initially, let's suppose that the Web page associated with the link contains exactly one object, consisting of a small amount of HTML text. Suppose the RTT between the local host and the Web server containing the object is RTTHTTP=63 msecs. 1. Assuming zero transmission time for the HTML object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client receives the object? 2. Suppose the HTML object references 4 very small objects on the same web server. Neglecting transmission times, how much time elapses from when the client…Download delays for 100 objects (HTTP 1.1 with browser caching). Consider an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 2 seconds. Suppose the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 3 seconds, as shown below for the first of these 100 requests. initiate TCP connection RTT request file RTT file received time You can assume that any other HTTP message not containing an object sent by the client and server has a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client makes 100 requests, one after the other, waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request. 352 secs Using HTTP 1.1, how much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the last requested object, assuming the client uses the IF- MODIFIED-SINCE header line, and 50% of the objects requested have not changed since the client downloaded them (before these 100 downloads are performed)? 350 secs 252 secs time to…
- In order to implement a DNS amplification attack, the attacker must trigger the creation of a sufficiently large volume of DNS response packets from the intermediary to exceed the capacity of the link to the target organization. Consider an attack where the DNS response packets are 500 bytes in size (ignoring framing overhead). a. How many of these packets per second must the attacker trigger to flood a target organization using a 30-Mbps link? A 100-Mbps link? Or a 1-Gbps link? b. If the DNS request packet to the intermediary is 60 bytes in size, how much bandwidth does the attacker consume to send the necessary rate of DNS request packets for each of these three cases?Assume you use your Web browser to access a Web page by clicking on a link. Because the IP address for the related URL is not cached on your local host, a DNS search is required to acquire it. Assume that n DNS servers are contacted before your host obtains the IP address from DNS; each subsequent visit incurs an RTT of RTT1,..., RTTn. Assume that the Web page connected with the link has only one item, which is a little bit of HTML text. Let RTT0 represent the RTT between the local host and the server that has the item. Assuming that the item has a zero transmission time, how much time elapses between when the client clicks on the link and when the client receives the object?Consider an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 1 seconds. Suppose the time seconds. server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 3 initiate TCP connection RTT request file RTT. time to -transmit file file received time time You can assume that any other HTTP message not containing an object sent by the client and server has a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client makes 30 requests, one after the other, waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request. Using HTTP 1.1, how much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the last requested object?
- Suppose that the RTT delay between a client and an HTTP server is 30 msecs; the time a server needs totransmit an object into its outgoing link is 0.85 msecs; and any other HTTP message not containing an objecthas a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client again makes 100 requests, one after the other,waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request.Assume the client is using HTTP 1.1 and the IF-MODIFIED-SINCE header line. Assume 50% of the objectsrequested have NOT changed since the client downloaded them (before these 90 downloads are performed)How much time elapses (in milliseconds) between the client transmitting the first request, and the completionof the last request?If a DNS lookup happens every 10 minutes and an HTTP file references 8 objects each time, how long would Non-persistent HTTP with no concurrent TCP connections last?How much time does Non-persistent HTTP and no concurrent TCP connections expire if DNS searching up occurs once per 10 minutes, and each time the HTTP file mentions 8 objects?