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- But biologically speaking, what is "sex"? What sexual behaviors do or don't qualify as "having sex"? Feel free to be as graphic as necessary to explain your argument.As outlined in this chapter, sex can be defined at several levels: chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic. To this we can add psychological sex, the sex one believes themselves to be. Determining someones sex is a complex issue that is often difficult to resolve, as the case of Bruce Reimer (see Section 7.1) illustrates. In spite of the complexity surrounding this issue, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAFF) still use sex testing on female athletes to determine whether they can compete in athletic events as females. This has led to serious personal, social, and legal issues, and the practice has been widely condemned and widely defended. Lets examine two such cases here. An Indian athlete, Santhi Soundarajan, finished second in the 800-meter run at the Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, in 2006. After the race, she was asked to take a sex test. According to press reports, the tests showed that she appeared to have abnormal chromosomes. An official stated that she had more Y chromosomes than allowed. As a result, she was stripped of her medal, banned from further competition by the Indian Olympic Association, and shunned by her local community. Before the race in Doha, Santhi had competed in 8 international competitions and won 12 medals. Sometime after this incident, she attempted suicide. She now runs a training school for athletes in Tamil Nadu, India. Although the number and types of tests done on Santhi have not been revealed, such tests usually involve examination of the external genitals, a chromosome analysis, and measurement of hormone levels. Suppose you were on the committee deciding whether Santhi could compete as a female. Consider each of the following hypothetical tests one at a time and base your conclusions only on the results of that test. The results of a physical examination show she has female genitals. On this basis, would you allow her to keep her medal and compete as a female in future races? Suppose the results of a chromosomal analysis shows that she has an XY chromosome set and is chromosomally male. Would you allow her to keep her medal and compete as a female? Lastly, suppose a test for hormone levels shows that she has levels of the male sex hormone testosterone that are higher than average for females but at least 10 times lower than the average for males. Would you allow her to keep her medal and compete in future races as a female? Now, put the results of all three tests together, and consider them as a whole. What are your conclusions? Now, lets consider the case of a South African runner, Caster Semenya, who won the 800-meter run at the World Championships held in Berlin, Germany, in 2009. After the race, she was asked to undergo sex testing. The IAAF stated that the tests were requested to ascertain whether she had a rare medical condition that gave her an unfair physical advantage. The nature of the tests and their results were not released, but press reports indicate that she did not have ovaries or a uterus, and had testosterone levels intermediate between the averages for males and females. In the end, the IAAF agreed to keep the results of her tests confidential, and Caster was allowed to keep her medal and return to international competition in 2010. In both cases, what the IAAF considers the threshold for determining who can compete as a female has not been stated. Would you recommend that testing of female athletes be continued to ensure that males do not compete as females? Or should all such testing be banned?Menstruation occurs because the : Hormone stimulation from the corpus luteum ceases. Blood vessels in the uterine lining become too long and twisted. Ovum has been passed from the woman's body . Corpus luteum increases estrogen and progesterone production.
- The biological differences in sex can be seen in genitals, reproductive organs, hormones and chromosomes. TRUE FALSEWhich phase of the sexual response cycle is characterized by increasing arousal and engorgement of the genitalia with blood? Group of answer choices resolution plateau excitement orgasmWhat happens if the hormone progesterone is not secreted in a human female? The pituitary is stimulated to secrete gonadotropins. Secondary sex characteristics do not develop. Uterine contractions begin stimulating childbirth. O The ovary begins to form the corpus luteum. O Enlargement of arteries supplying blood to the endometrium and growth of endometrial glands are inhibited.
- LIVE V Select only those hormones produced by the thyroid and parathyroid glands and place them into the appropriate box. 58 Labels triiodothyronine calcitonin parathyroid hormone (PTH) thyroxine (T) Reset All Produced by the Thyroid Gland (1/2) Produced by the Parathyroid Gland (2/2)A couple is diagnosed with infertility if they participated in sexual intercourse for approximately two years without a pregnancy. Group of answer choices -True -FalseHow do hormones effect sexual behavior? Please provide real examples backed up by research evidence (experiments etc..)
- Gender performativity is the idea that the subject is created through repeated performances of acceptable and conventional ideas about what it means to be a man or a woman. True FalseWhy is sex education important? And What are the positive benefits of this?Fertilization does not take place in a moment of passion. It occurs four to five days later. Maybe in the library, or in the shower, but not necessarily in the bedroom. Is there any truth to this statement?
