Naive T cells are isolated and left untreated or treated with ‘compound X’ for 1 hour. Following this, the T cells are incubated with a range of concentrations of a soluble form of ICAM-1 that has been conjugated to a fluorescent dye (soluble-ICAM-1-FITC). Fifteen minutes later, the cells are washed, and the relative amount of fluorescence bound to the cells is measured. The results of this assay are shown in the figure below. The most likely identity of compound X is: The adhesion molecule, LFA-1 The adhesion molecule, L-selectin The sulfated carbohydrate structure, sulfated sialyl-LewisX The chemokine ligand for CCR7 The immunoglobulin superfamily member, CD2
Enzyme kinetics
In biochemistry, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the pace of the reaction. Catalysis can be categorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on whether the catalysts are distributed in the same phase as that of the reactants. Enzymes are an essential part of the cell because, without them, many organic processes would slow down and thus will affect the processes that are important for cell survival and sustenance.
Regulation of Enzymes
A substance that acts as a catalyst to regulate the reaction rate in the living organism's metabolic pathways without itself getting altered is an enzyme. Most of the biological reactions and metabolic pathways in the living systems are carried out by enzymes. They are specific for their works and work in particular conditions. It maintains the best possible rate of reaction in the most stable state. The enzymes have distinct properties as they can proceed with the reaction in any direction, their particular binding sites, pH specificity, temperature specificity required in very few amounts.
Naive T cells are isolated and left untreated or treated with ‘compound X’ for 1 hour. Following this, the T cells are incubated with a range of concentrations of a soluble form of ICAM-1 that has been conjugated to a fluorescent dye (soluble-ICAM-1-FITC). Fifteen minutes later, the cells are washed, and the relative amount of fluorescence bound to the cells is measured. The results of this assay are shown in the figure below. The most likely identity of compound X is:
- The adhesion molecule, LFA-1
- The adhesion molecule, L-selectin
- The sulfated carbohydrate structure, sulfated sialyl-LewisX
- The chemokine ligand for CCR7
- The immunoglobulin superfamily member, CD2
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