List three transition strategies to move from IPv4 to IPv6. Explain the difference between tunneling and dual stack strategies during the transition period. When is each strategy used?
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- The IPsec architecture document states that when two transport mode SAs are bundled to allow both AH and ESP protocols on the same end-to-end flow, only one ordering of security protocols seems appropriate: performing the ESP prot ocol before performing the AH protocol. Why is this approach recommended rather than authentication before encryption?In IPV4, consider sending a 4,000 byte datagram (20 bytes of IP header) into a link that has an MTU of 1,500 bytes. The datagram will be allocated to fragments, and the offset value of the third segment is 3, 370 3, 185 4, 185 4, 370This chapter explains three sequences of state transitions during TCP connection teardown. There is a fourth possible sequence, which traverses an additional arc (not shown in Figure 5.7) from FIN_WAIT_1 to TIME_WAIT and labeled FIN+ACK/ACK. Explain the circumstances that result in this fourth teardown sequence. Notes from the book to help: There is actually a fourth, although rare, sequence of transitions that leads to the CLOSED state; it follows the arc from FIN WAIT 1 to TIME WAIT. We leave it as an exercise for you to figure out what combination of circumstances leads to this fourth possibility. The main thing to recognize about connection teardown is that a connection in the TIME WAIT state cannot move to the CLOSED state until it has waited for two times the maximum amount of time an IP datagram might live in the Internet (i.e., 120 seconds). The reason for this is that, while the local side of the connection has sent an ACK in response to the other side’s FIN segment, it…
- Consider a TCP connection between Host A and Host B and the transmission of a large file from A to B. If the buffer of host B is significantly smaller than the size of the buffer of host A and the file itself, what would be outcome?Determine whether or not the following IPv6 address notations are correct:•::0F53:6382:AB00:67DB:BB27:7332•7803:42F2:::88EC:D4BA:B75D:11CD•::4BA8:95CC::DB97:4EAB•74DC::02BA•::00FF:128.112.92.11619. ARP is used for: O packet path determination O finding of a mapping IPV6 → MAC address O finding of a mapping IPV4 → MAC address O finding of a mapping IPV4 → TCP address
- The TTL behaviour for IP-to-Label or Label-to-IP connections is depicted in the below image. Ingress LSR receives a packet with a TTL value of 289 arriving. What would the TTL value be for the ingress and egress LSRs? the letters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H). TTL = 289 MPLS Label IPv4 Packet Ingress LSR TTL = A: TTL = B: LSR TTL= C: TTL=D: LSR TTL=E: TTL=F: Label Switched Path TTL= G: LSR TTL=H: Egress LSRThe TTL behaviour for IP-to-Label or Label-to-IP connections is depicted in the below image. Ingress LSR receives a packet with a TTL value of 289 arriving. What would the TTL value be for the ingress and egress LSRs? the letters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H). TTL = 289 MPLS Label IPv4 Packet Ingress LSR TTL = A: TTL = B: LSR TTL= C: TTL=D: X LSR TTL=E: TTL=F: Label Switched wh TTL= G: LSR TTL=H: Egress LSRTCP sessions are full-duplex, which means that data can be sent in either direction during the lifetime of the session. Consider a session in which the connection is established, the client sends 100 data segments, all of them are ACKed, and all of the ACKS are received by the sender, then the session is ended by both sides closing the connect. How many segments in total have the SYN bit of the header set to 1? а. 4 O b. 2 с. O d. 1 е. 209
- Forward Secrecy ProtocolsConsider the following 4-message protocol:1. A → S: (B, {(A, K1)}KpbS)2. S → B: A3. B → S: (A, {(B, K2)}KpbS)4. S → A: (B, {K2}K1)Assume three runs of the above protocol, that we call P1, P2 and P3. If after completion of run P3, K1 is compromised, i.e. it is leaked to some external intruder, how would this impact the forward secrecy property of K2 for all the three runs of the protocol P1, P2 and P3? Choose the right answer: a) Compromising K1 in P3 compromises every other key in all of the three runs of the protocolb) The secrecy of P3.K2 is not compromised, and therefore P2.K2 and P1.K2 would remain secretc) Compromising K1 in P3 compromises P3.K2, and therefore, every other previous version of K1 and K2 are also compromisedd) The secrecy of P3.K2 is compromised, but P2.K2 and P1.K2 would remain secret since K1 is refreshed after each run, therefore P3.K1 is different from P2.K1 and is different from P1.K1e) Even though K1 is compromised in P3, K2 is not…Consider an IPv4 network, each host can generate packet with a rate of 500 packet per second. If each host in network is identified by unique identification number 48 bits, then the host wrap around time for generating packet will be. (in sec).Please draw a sequence diagram for the following scenario. In a network, two nodes communicate with each other. These are the sequence. 1) Node F sends ping message to Node H 2) Node H sends ICMP echo reply to node H. Now Node F is having the MAC address of Node H. 3) Node F starts TCP handshake with Node H by sending SYN message. 4) Node H sends (SYN+ACK) back to node F. 5) Node F sends the ACK to Node H.