Let M be the plaintext message M = MALAYSIA and the private key, K ISSOGOOD a) Using the expansion P-box (table is provided below), show the plaintext output of this process. Expansion P-box 32 01 02 03 04 05 04 05 06 07 08 09 08 09 10 11 12 13 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 31 31 32 01 b) For the key: Using the key permutation table (provided below), show the output of this conversion process. Key Permutation Table 57 49 41 33 25 17 09 01 58 50 42 34 26 18 10 02 59 51 43 35 27 19 11 03 60 52 44 36 63 55 47 39 31 23 15 07 62 54 46 38 30 22 14 06 61 53 45 37 29 21 13 05 28 20 12 04 %3D
Q: Let M be the plaintext message M = MALAYSIA and the private key, K = ISSOGOOD a) Represent your…
A: Actually, given question regarding DES encryption technique.
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- Can you please show the shifts for the encrypt & decrypt in this format? For example, like this : Example:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Row 1FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDE Row 2 If the plaintext to encrypt is:THIS IS THE ANSWER The ciphertext becomes:YMNX NX YMJ FSXBJW This is for me to help understand and to redo the problem for studying. Thank you!!The key to cracking a substitution cipher was first discovered by Arab scholars in the ninth century, but it was not widely known in the West until the fifteenth century. Once frequency analysis of ciphers became widespread, the plain substitution cipher became useless. To fix the problems in the substitution cipher, Blaise de Vigenère invented the strategy of using multiple letter mappings. Rather than using one key for the whole message, Vigenère’s idea was to use a different key for each letter of the message. Using a different key for each letter makes the frequency analysis much more difficult. The key to the Vigenère cipher is the Vigenère square. The rows shown here are simple rotations of the alphabet. Each row in the table shifts the letters of the alphabet one place to the left. When a letter shifts out of the first . The idea is to have the message we want to encode: secretmessage Alongside a word we will use to encrypt: encryptencrypt Plaint text s e c r…3. Suppose the key k to DES is k = (0E329232E A6D0D73)hez. Find kį and k2. Also, given m = (0000000000000000)her, find Lo, Ro, L1, R1.
- Encrypt the word WEST using p=53 and q=71. Choose e=3. (Map A - Z to 126 and perform the encryption one letter at a time.)Use symmetric ciphers to encrypt message "“promise" and decrypt message "FOG". The representation of characters in modulo 26 is described as follows: Plaintext - a bcdefg|hijk1 mnopar stuvwx y z Ciphertext A BCD|EFG|HIJKL|M|NO|P|Q|R s T|U|VwxY|Z Value 00 01 02|03 04 05 06|07|08|09|10|11 12|13|14|15 16|17 18|19 20 21 22 23 24 25 The mathematical equations for encryption and decryption can be described as follows: Encryption Ea:i→i+kmod 26 Decryption Da : i→i-k mod 26 i represents the messages (plaintext or cipher), k represents a symmetric key. In this case k=20Answer ALL questions. The ciphertext message below was encrypted using affine transformation C = P + k(mod 26),0 ≤ C ≤ 25. YFXMP CESPZC JTDBF PPYZQX LESPX LETND a) By completing the following table, find the most frequently occurring letter in the ciphertext. Letter Number of Occurrence Question (b) is based on the information in tables below and answer in Question (a). A B C 1 2 3 Numerical 0 equivalent Frequency 7 (in %) Letter Numenical equivalent Frequency 8 (in %) N 13 ABCD E FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1 0 14 7 P 15 3 D 4 Q 16 <1 E 13 13 R 17 8 F 5 3 S 18 6 G 2 T 19 9 H L 3 U 20 3 8 V 21 1 JK 9 <1 W 22 10 <1 LM <1 11 4 X Y 23 24 2 12 3 Z 25 <1 The tables show that the most frequently occurring letters in English text are E, T, N, R, I, O and A, with E occurring substantially more than the other letters. b) Determine what is the letter that represents C and P in affine transformation C = P + k(mod 26),0 ≤ C≤ 25. Then, show that the value of k = 11(mod 26). c) What is the plaintext…
- The Reflection algorithm can be used to encrypt a C-string (character array terminated with the null character) before it is transmitted over the Internet. The Reflection algorithm works as follows: Each letter in the message is converted to the letter in that is 13 positions to the right of that letter in the English alphabet. If the end of the alphabet is reached, counting continues from the first letter in the alphabet. The case of the letters must be maintained. For example,'M' →'Z', 'x' → 'k', 'A' → 'N'The numeric characters ('0' to '9') are shifted 5 positions to the right of that number in the character set '0' to '9'. If ‘9’ is reached, counting continues from ‘0’. For example,'0' → '5', '2' →'7', '8' → '3' All other characters are left as they are. a) What would the following string be encrypted to by the Reflection algorithm?“Call me at 662-2002 Ext 85393” b) Write a function, getPosition, which finds the position of a letter in the alphabet regardless of the case of the…Encrypt The following correspondence between letters and numbers is used in the Caesar cypher. a b d e f i k lm n o r u V W X y z 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Encrypt the animal name zebra with the Caesar cypher with a key of 25. What is the encrypted animal name (enter a string of letters with no spaces)? Save Submit You have used 0 of 1 attempt Decrypt An animal name was encrypted with the scheme described above. The encrypted animal name is azmchbnns . What is the animal name? SaveEncrypt the animal name marmot using the letter to number correspondence abc de f 8hijk 1 mnopar stuvw x y 2 e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 28 21 22 23 24 25 and the encryption function e :n + (n +1) mod 26 The answer will be a nonsense word (no numbers).
- A symmetric block encryption algorithm is shown below. 16-bit blocks of plaintext P are encrypted using a 32-bit key. Encryption is defined as: C = (P EX_OR Ko) + K1 C is the ciphertext, K is the secret key, Ko is the leftmost 16 bits of K, K1 is the rightmost 16 bits of K, EX_OR is bitwise exclusive OR, and + is binary addition. a. The ciphertext C must be the same size as the plaintext P, that is, it must not be larger than 16 bits. How can this be achieved? b. Show the decryption equation. How will the encrypted message be decrypted?Encrypt the 12-bit plaintext 101010100111 using Simplified B-DES and the 9-bit key K = 010001111. This is a non-computer problem and you need to show all the steps of the encryption processUsing C programming language: A Transposition Cipher A very simple transposition cipher encrypt(S, N) can be described by the following rules: If the length of S is 1 or 2, then encrypt(S, N) is S. If S is a string of N characters s1 s2 s3... sN and k = N/2, then encrypt(S)= encrypt(sk sk−1... s2 s1 ,K)+ encrypt(sN sN−1... sk+1 ,N - K) where + indicates string concatenation. For example, encrypt("Ok", 2) = "Ok" and encrypt("12345678", 8) = "34127856". Write a program to implement this cipher. The input is a file that is guaranteed to have less then 2048 characters. Code structure might look like this: #define MAX_SIZE 2048char text_buffer[MAX_SIZE];int main(){ // read file into text_buffer encrypt(text_buffer, n); // print out text_buffer return 0;}