IV. Oswald Avery, McCarty and McLeod (Early 1940s) After Griffith's experiment most scientists believed that the chemical transforming bacteria was a protein, not a nucleic acid. Avery and his colleagues challenged that assumption. Avery's work retested Griffith's hypothesis using a test tube assay in order to determine which macromolecule was responsible for genetic information. What molecule causes transformation? These experiments are extensions of Robert Griffith's work.

IV. Oswald Avery, McCarty and McLeod (Early 1940s) After Griffith's experiment most scientists believed that the chemical transforming bacteria was a protein, not a nucleic acid. Avery and his colleagues challenged that assumption. Avery's work retested Griffith's hypothesis using a test tube assay in order to determine which macromolecule was responsible for genetic information. What molecule causes transformation? These experiments are extensions of Robert Griffith's work.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter8: The Structure, Replication, And Chromosomal Organization Of Dna

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3QP

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Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion True or False 1. DNA regulates Gene Expression 2. RNA regulates Gene expression 3. During translation mRNA and tRNA drive translation of codons into amino acids. 4. DNA is synthesized in only one direction 5. Telomerase extends un-replicated strand
Are both statements true? 1. Heterogeneous RNA is a term that refers to mRNA that has not been processed. 2. If the %A of a bacteria is 20%, the amount of guanine is 30%. Are both statements true? 1. If the %A of a bacteria is 30%, then the % (G+C) of the bacteria is 40% 2. The DNA is plectonemic because one of the strands go in 5' to 3' direction while the other go in the 3 to 5 direction
Explain Griffith's transformation experiments What did he conclude from them?
Chemical analysis shows that a nucleic acid sample contains A, U, C, and G. Is this DNA or RNA? Why?
Translate the .sequence of bases in the previous question, starting at the second base.
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. How did the researchers know that the radioisotopes in the fluid came from outside of the bacterial cells and not from bacteria that had been broken apart by whirling in the blender?
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. After 4 minutes in the blender, what percentage of each isotope was extracellular?
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Before blending what percentage of each isotope. 35S and 32P, was extracellular (outside the bacteria)?
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. The extracellular concentration of which isotope increased the most with blending?
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Do these results imply that viruses inject DNA or protein into bacteria? Why or why not?
A scientist isolates a new species of prokaryote He notes that the specimen is a bacillus with a lipid bilayer and cell wall that stains positive for peptidoglycan. Its circular chromosome replicates from a single origin of replication. Is the specimen most likely an Archaea, a Gram-positive bacterium, or a Gram-negative bacterium? How do you know?
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts Total nucleic acids are extracted from a culture of cells and are then mixed with resin beads to which the polynucleotide 5'-TITTTITTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-3' has been covalently attached. After a short incubation, the beads are then extracted from the mixture. When you analyze the cellular nucleic acids that have stuck to the beads, which of the following molecules do you expect to be most abundant?