Is Tandy's plan ethical?
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Q: s Tandy's plan ethical?
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TAC Industries, Inc. sells heavy equipment to large corporations and federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total
Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve operating income. As Tandy reviewed the division's job cost sheets, she realized that she could increase the division's operating income by moving a portion of direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order cost sheets of government customers. She believed that this would create a "win-win" for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs, and (2) increasing the cost of government jobs whose profit is based on a percentage of job cost.
Tandy submitted the idea to her division manager, who was impressed by her creative solution for improving the division's profitability.
Is Tandy's plan ethical?
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- Tonya Martin, CMA and controller or the Parts Division of Gunderson Inc., was meeting with Doug Adams, manager of the division. The topic of discussion was the assignment of overhead costs to jobs and their impact on the divisions pricing decisions. Their conversation was as follows: Tonya: Doug, as you know, about 25% of our business is based on government contracts, with the other 75% based on jobs from private sources won through bidding. During the last several years, our private business has declined. We have been losing more bids than usual. After some careful investigation, I have concluded that we are overpricing some jobs because of improper assignment of overhead costs. Some jobs are also being underpriced. Unfortunately, the jobs being overpriced are coming from our higher-volume, labor-intensive products, so we are losing business. Dong: I think I understand. Jobs associated with our high-volume products are being assigned more overhead than they should be receiving. Then when we add our standard 40% markup, we end up with a higher price than our competitors, who assign costs more accurately. Tonya: Exactly. We have two producing departments, one labor-intensive and the other machine-intensive. The labor-intensive department generates much less overhead than the machine-intensive department. Furthermore, virtually all of our high-volume jobs are labor-intensive. We have been using a plantwide rate based on direct labor hours to assign overhead to all jobs. As a result, the high-volume, labor-intensive jobs receive a greater share of the machine-intensive departments overhead than they deserve. This problem can be greatly alleviated by switching to departmental overhead rates. For example, an average high-volume job would be assigned 100,000 of overhead using a plantwide rate and only 70,000 using departmental rates. The change would lower our bidding price on high-volume jobs by an average of 42,000 per job. By increasing the accuracy of our product costing, we can make better pricing decisions and win back much of our private-sector business. Doug: Sounds good. When can you implement the change in overhead rates? Tonya: It wont take long. I can have the new system working within four to six weekscertainly by the start of the new fiscal year. Doug: Hold it. I just thought of a possible complication. As I recall, most of our government contract work is done in the labor-intensive department. This new overhead assignment scheme will push down the cost on the government jobs, and we will lose revenues. They pay us full cost plus our standard markup. This business is not threatened by our current costing procedures, but we cant switch our rates for only the private business. Government auditors would question the lack of consistency in our costing procedures. Tonya: You do have a point. I thought of this issue also. According to my estimates, we will gain more revenues from the private sector than we will lose from our government contracts. Besides, the costs of our government jobs are distorted. In effect, we are overcharging the government. Doug: They dont know that and never would unless we switch our overhead assignment procedures. I think I have the solution. Officially, lets keep our plantwide overhead rate. All of the official records will reflect this overhead costing approach for both our private and government business. Unofficially. I want you to develop a separate set of books that can be used to generate the information we need to prepare competitive bids for our private-sector business. Required: 1. Do you believe that the solution proposed by Doug is ethical? Explain. 2. Suppose that Tonya decides that Dougs solution is not right and objects strongly. Further suppose that, despite Tonyas objections, Doug insists strongly on implementing the action. What should Tonya do?TAC Industries Inc. sells heavy equipment to large corporations and federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost-plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost. Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As Tandy reviewed the division's job cost sheets, she realized that she could increase the division's income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of government customers. She believed that this would create a “win–win” for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs, and (2)…TAC Industries Inc. sells heavy equipment to large corporations and federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost. Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As Tandy reviewed the division's job cost sheets, she realized that she could increase the division's income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of government customers. She believed that this would create a “win–win” for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs, and (2)…
- TAC Industries, Inc. sells heavy equipment to large corporations and federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to government, however, are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost. Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries, Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As Tandy reviewed the division's job cost sheets, she realized that she could increase the division's income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order cost sheets of government customers. She believed this would create a "win-win" situation for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs, and…CommunicationTAC Industries sells heavy equipment to large corporations and to federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost.Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations.As Tandy reviewed the division’s job cost sheets, she realized that she could increase the division’s income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of government customers. She believed that this would create a win-win for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs…TAC Industries sells heavy equipment to large corporations and to federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined byadding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost. Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As Tandy reviewed the division’s job cost sheets, she realized that she couldincrease the division’s income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of governmentcustomers. She believed that this would create a win–win for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs and (2)…
- Ethics in Action TAC Industries Inc. sells heavy equipment to large corporations and federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost. Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As Tandy reviewed the division's job cost sheets, she realized that she could increase the division's income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of government customers. She believed that this would create a “win–win” for the division by (1) reducing the cost of…Lamothe Solutions is a management consulting firm. Its Business Division advises firms on the adoption and use of financial systems. Civic Division consults with state and local governments. Civic Division has a client that is interested in implementing a new costing system in its public works department. The division's head approached the head of Business Division about using one of its associates. Corporate Division charges clients $780 per hour for associate services, the same rate other consulting companies charge. The Civic Division head complained that it could hire its own associate at an estimated variable cost of $380 per hour, which is what Business pays its associates. Suppose that Civic Division will charge the client interested in implementing a costing system by the hour based on cost plus a fixed fee, where the cost is primarily the consultant's hourly pay. Assume also that Civic Division cannot hire additional consultants. That is, if it is to do this job, it will need…Lamothe Solutions is a management consulting firm. Its Business Division advises firms on the adoption and use of financial systems. Civic Division consults with state and local governments. Civic Division has a client that is interested in implementing a new costing system in its public works department. The division's head approached the head of Business Division about using one of its associates. Corporate Division charges clients $780 per hour for associate services, the same rate other consulting companies charge. The Civic Division head complained that it could hire its own associate at an estimated variable cost of $380 per hour, which is what Business pays its associates. Suppose that Civic Division will charge the client interested in implementing a costing system by the hour based on cost plus a fixed fee, where the cost is primarily the consultant's hourly pay. Assume also that Civic Division cannot hire additional consultants. That is, if it is to do this job, it will need…
- Lamothe Solutions is a management consulting firm. Its Business Division advises firms on the adoption and use of financial systems. Civic Division consults with state and local governments. Civic Division has a client that is interested in implementing a new costing system in its public works department. The division's head approached the head of Business Division about using one of its associates. Corporate Division charges clients $770 per hour for associate services, the same rate other consulting companies charge. The Civic Division head complained that it could hire its own associate at an estimated variable cost of $370 per hour, which is what Business pays its associates. Required: a. What is the maximum price that Civic Division should pay? b. What is the maximum transfer price that Business Division should obtain for its services, assuming that it is operating at capacity?Lamothe Solutions is a management consulting firm. Its Business Division advises firms on the adoption and use of financial systems. Civic Division consults with state and local governments. Civic Division has a client that is interested in implementing a new costing system in its public works department. The division's head approached the head of Business Division about using one of its associates. Corporate Division charges clients $815 per hour for associate services, the same rate other consulting companies charge. The Civic Division head complained that it could hire its own associate at an estimated variable cost of $415 per hour, which is what Business pays its associates. Required: a. What is the maximum price that Civic Division should pay? b. What is the maximum transfer price that Business Division should obtain for its services, assuming that it is operating at capacity? c-1. Is there any change in maximum price as indicated in part (a), if Business Division had idle…Best Practices, Inc., is a management consulting firm. Its Corporate Division advises private firms on the adoption and use of cost management systems. Government Division consults with state and local governments. Government Division has a client that is interested in implementing an activity-based costing system in its public works department. The division’s head approached the head of Corporate Division about using one of its associates. Corporate Division charges clients $645 per hour for associate services, the same rate other consulting companies charge. The Government Division head complained that it could hire its own associate at an estimated variable cost of $245 per hour, which is what Corporate pays its associates. Suppose that Government Division will charge the client interested in implementing an activity-based costing system by the hour based on cost plus a fixed fee, where the cost is primarily the consultant’s hourly pay. Assume also that Government Division cannot…