In the paired ODE model, the factor that contributes to the growth of the population of the predators is affected by the death rate of the predator affected by the population of the prey directly affected by the rate of predation always constant
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- The lotka-volterra equation that describes rate of change in the predator population doesn't include intrisic rate for predators. How does it accomodate for growth in predators if the rate is missing?Whichof the following factors can stabilize predator-prey relationships by providinga prey refuge?a.An area of prey habitat where predators cannot enterb.An area of prey habitat that is isolated and difficult for predators tofindc.The occurrence of prey in numbers too large for predators to attackeffectivelyd.The ability of prey to grow to a size invulnerable to predatione.All of the choices apply.Which of the following conditions tend to destabilize populations (e.g. make extinctions more likely) for a predator and prey demonstrating Lotka-Volterra predator-prey dynamics? More than one food source (prey species) for the predator O No immigration or emigration of the predator and prey O The existence of prey refuges
- In the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey equations, the term a b N prey N predator describes: The rate at which predators eat prey The rate at which new predators are added to the predator population The rate at which the predator population increases over time The intrinsic growth rate of the prey populationIn the Lotka-Volterra equations for predator (P) and prey (V) population sizes, shown below, what term represents the carrying capacity for each species? dV = rV - pVP сpVP — d,P dt dP I3| dt O Pand V dP and dV p and c pVP and dpP Carrying capacity is not represented in the Lotka-Volterra equationsThe yellow perch is a fish found in freshwater lakes. It is a generalist predator, consuming a variety of prey species, including crayfish, small fish, insect larvae and snails. You examine the predation rate of yellow perch on snails, and obtain the following data. Identify the type of functional response, and a plausible reason for why it has that type of response. 60- 40- 20- Perch Predation Rate
- What is often true of a population of organisms with a type Il suvivorship curve? they produce few offspirng and invest more energy in each offspring they produce more offspring and invest little energy in each they have low death rates during early life stages they are equally likely to die at any ageThe relationship between predator and prey populations has been studied by computer simulation using equations which form part of a mathematical model devised by Lotka and Volterra. The data in Table 6.10 show the results of such a simulation when the prey population begins with 20 individuals and the predator population begins with six individuals. 1.Explain why the peaks in the predator population occur after those in the prey population. 2. This simulation assumes one prey species and one predator species in an imaginary ecosystem and is based on mathematical equations. Why is it likely to be too simplistic to describe accurately what happens in nature?With respect to the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model, which of the following statements is most likely true? Under this model, it is possible for a predator to drive its prey to extinction. All of the statements are true. Non of the statements is true. This model predicts neutrally-stable predator-prey cycles, as opposed to a stable equilibrium. O In this model, an increase in searching efficiency (a) will increase the maximum prey population.
- Competition between insect-eating bats that are active at night and purple martins (an insectivorous bird) that are active primarily during the day is most likely an example of... Interference competition Resaurce competition O Preemptive competition OIntraspecific competiton This question does not make sense because bats and birds do not competeA population of 100 Asian elephants exhibits logistic growth. If the carrying capacity is 500 elephants and theper capita growth rate is 0.1 individuals/(individuals × year), what is the maximum population growth rate forthe population?Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the basic Lotka-Volterra model of predatory-prey dynamics? Prey are the primary food source for the predators There is no immigration or emigration of predators or prey All prey in the population are accessible to predators, e.g. there are no prey refuges Prey population growth can be limited by food and other resources Predators are the main cause of mortality for the prey