In the B-oxidation of a saturated, even chain fatty acid, four basic steps are involved. Describe these reactions using the degradation of palmitic acid as an example.
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- If phenylalanine was not an essential amino acid, would diet therapy (the elimination of phenylalanine from the diet) for PKU work?A sample of glycogen from a patient with liver disease is incubated with orthophosphate, phosphorylase, the transferase, and the debranching enzyme ( α -1,6- glucosidase). The ratio of glucose 1- phosphate to glucose formed in this mixture is 100. What is the most likely enzymatic deficiency in this patient?What is alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase complex?. explain very briefly.
- Describe briefly how b-oxidation of an odd-chain fatty acid is different from that for an even-chain fatty acid.Are any of the intermediates in the β-oxidation pathway chiral? Explain.Before β-oxidation, fatty acids must be converted to their CoASH derivatives. Explain why this reaction is necessary.
- Compare the regulation of phosphofuctokinase-1 (PFK- 1) activity and fructose 1,6- bisphosphatase in glycolysis. c) In the B-oxidation of a saturated, even chain fatty acid, four basic steps are involved. Describe these reactions using the degradation of palmitic acid as an example. d) e) Compare the steps involved in the formation of ketone bodies.Only one acetyl CoA molecule is used directly in fatty acid synthesis. Identify the carbon atoms in palmitic acid that were donated by acetyl CoA.In fatty acid synthesis, malonyl-CoA, rather thanacetyl-CoA, is used as a “condensing group.” Suggest a reason for this.
- Peroxisomes have an alternative pathway for oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acids. They contain a hydratase that converts D-3-hydroxyacyl CoA into trans Δ²- enoyl CoA. How can this enzyme be used to oxidize CoAs containing a cis double bond at an evennumbered carbon atom (e.g., the cis-Δ¹² double bond of linoleate)?When the identical subunits of chicken liver fatty acid synthase are dissociated in vitro, all of the activities can be detected in the separated subunits except for the β-ketoacyl synthase reaction and the overall synthesis of palmitate. Explain these observations.With fatty infiltration of the liver, the synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed. What is the biochemical basis of the development of such a condition? What are its possible nests? Justify the answer.