- In coherent amplification, ...........................the returned backscattered signal is mixed with coherent local oscillator optical signal?.......................... 2- Optical time domain reflectometer is an application of sensor?................................ 3- The main part of the PH sensor is which contains an appropriate......................... indicator?

Q: Draw block diagram for AM modulation & AM demodulation

A: Modulation is process by which some properties of carrier signal is varied according to modulating…

Q: Draw the hierarchy of digital modulation techniques.

A: DIGITAL MODULATION: The process of embedding a digital data message into amplitude or magnitude,…

Q: Describe the three modes of operation of an IC PPL. Explain how PLL can be used for FM demodulation.

A: The three modes of operation of an IC Phase locked loop (PLL) are, i) free running ii) Capture iii)…

Q: Q2): consider a 3 kHz band limited voice signal sampled at 8000 sample/sec to be transmitted over a…

A:

Q: What is the name given to the process of frequency modulation of a carrier by binary data? Binary…

A: Name given to the process of frequency modulation of a carrier by binary data.  This is related to…

Q: Explain the relationship between bits per second and baud for an FSK system.

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: What is the data rate then of a Delta Modulation encoder that uses the same sampling rate as that of…

A:

Q: Explain the relationship between the minimum bandwidth required for a BPSK system and the bit rate.

A: A message signal is transferred from the sender to the receiver end. The signal is transmitted…

Q: Another advantage of the superheterodyne receiver is “High Selectivity”. Explain how this is…

A: Both the sensitivity and the selectivity of the superheterodyne receiver are achieved in the IF…

Q: What do you mean by fractional sampling rate conversion? Explain with an example of converting 48…

A: According to the question, we need to define fractional sampling rate conversion and also explain…

Q: What are the benefits of SSBSC modulation compared to DSBFC-AM and DSBSC-AM?

A:

Q: Explain the distortions associated with Delta modulation

A: In delta modulation quantization error arises due to the slope overload distortion and the granular…

Q: Determine the control word for the following configuration of the ports of Intel 8255 for Mode 1…

A: Control word: The figure below illustrates the control word format of 8255:

Q: Match the signal state with its description. READY=1 A. The MPU has put valid data on the bus B.…

A: Here in left side specific signal is given in which * indicates the active low signal means it can…

Q: What are the different ways to carry out FSK modulation operation?

A:

Q: A modulated signal with a bandwidth equal to 11.1 KHz. The LSB of the modulated signal is 9.6 KHz…

A:

Q: a) Determine control words when the ports of Intel 8255 are defined as follows: • Port A as an input…

A: Question has three parts, since you have not mentioned which part you are looking for, so we are…

Q: A flood frequency analysis is conducted for the given random variable, x= annual maximum discharge…

A: Flood frequency analysis is the analysis by which flood discharge magnitude Q is equal to the…

Q: Which block of the PCM transmission system is used to convert the multilevel PAM samples to binary…

A: In this question we will write about PCM transmission system...

Q: A) what name the modulation scheme in the blue curve in A and C B) what is the duty cycle in B C)…

A: solution a ) the modulation scheme in the blue curve in figure A = pulse position modulation (PPM)…

Q: How does a Dielectric thin-film (DIF) interierence filter work? 2- Is there any difference between…

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: For an efficient communication in PCM system, the number of samples per second must be at most be…

A: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a system used to represent sampled analog signals in digital form

Q: 7. The advantage of a differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) system is that_____________ is (are)…

A: This problem is base on the DPSK system.  Fill the blank  The advantage of a differential…

Q: second modulating tone having the same amplitude but a different frequency is added to the first at…

A: We need to find out modulation index

Q: Explain briefly the generation of pulse width modulation, support your explanation with graphs &…

A: Pulse-Width Modulation : Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) is the operational foundation of Power…

Q: Topic: Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation: please answer this question thanks. 1. What are the…

A: Brief description: Envelope detector is a demodulator circuit which is used to demodulate amplitude…

Q: Q1-Derive the effect of phase and frequency errors between the local oscillator signal and the…

A: Derive the effect of phase and frequency errors between the local oscillator signal and the received…

Q: Draw the time domain representation of amplitude modulated signal with proper scale and modulation…

A: Brief description: Modulation is one of the important technique in the communication system where…

Q: Draw block diagram /circuit diagram of the ff. FM circuits and discuss the operation.   c. RATIO…

A: According to the question, we need to Ratio detector

Q: One of the advantages of the superheterodyne receiver is “High Sensitivity”. Explain how this is…

A: A superheterodyne receiver employs signal mixing to convert the input radio signal into a constant…

Q: 5. A superheterodyne receiver is tuned to a station at 3.7 MHz. The IF frequency of the receiver is…

A: Given, A superheterodyne receiver has Tuned station frequency, fs=3.7 MHz IF frequency of receiver.…

Q: This multiple choice question from DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS course. just write for me the final…

A: If the quantization error must not exceed 2% of the peak-to-peak analog signal. Then the minimum…

Q: During amplitude modulation, if the maximum and the minimum values of the envelope are 5V and 1 V…

A: The modulation index of a signal is

Q: What is the purpose of low pass filtering a PWM source? To minimise noise produced by the PWM pulses…

A: The purpose of low pass filtering a PWM source is

Q: The information in an analog signal voltage waveform is to be transmitted over a PCM system with an…

A: We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time since you have not mentioned which part you are…

Q: 3. Which of the following is a key characteristic of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing? A.…

A: This problem is based on the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing.  Which of the following…

Q: a) Describe the main sources of errors in a measurement process and state how they may be avoided or…

A: As we Know electrical measurements cannot be measure with perfect accuracy so there is always a…

Q: Comment on the block diagram & the result of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)?

A: Pulse Amplitude Modulation The transmission of data by altering the amplitudes (voltage or power…

Q: QUESTIONS Why the timing periods are independent of the supply voltage in a timer IC 555 circuit? 1.…

A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Determine the modulation index for a frequency modulator with a deviation sensitivity of 10 kHz/V…

A:

Q: b. Explain how to decide the sampling rate for a multi-frequency input signal. c. An ADC with word…

A: As per Bartleby guidelines we are allowed to solve only one question, please ask the rest again.

Q: The information in an analog signal voltage waveform is to be transmitted over a PCM system with an…

A: Given that, fm=100Hz Accuracy=0.1% Vin=[-10,10] a) As, fs,min=2fm=2*100=200 Hz Minimum sampling…

Q: 3. When the modulating frequency in an FM system is 400 Hz and the modulation voltage is 2.4V, the…

A:

Q: Five tones are to be transmitted as FDM on a main carrier two of these tones are each 3.3 kHz and…

A: It is given that: fm1=fm2=3.3 KHzfm1=fm2=fm3=5.2 KHzβ=6β'=13fg=1 KHz

Q: An unsynchronous FSK system is modulated by a digital signal and operates at 12 MHz. The frequency…

A: Solution -  Given,ACp-p = 4Vbit rate(rb) = 120 bits/secNoise (N0) =1.1*10-4 V2/Hz

Q: Consider a 15-level uniform midtread quantizer with a dynamic range of +0.75 V. Finc the quantizer…

A: L=15For midtread L=2n-1=24-1=15∵ n=4a 0.58 VQuantizer o/p=Am2/2∆2/12Am=0.58…

Q: Draw the V-I characteristics of SCR,MOSFET,IGBT

A:

Q: Q1.A) If an 8-bit SAR ADC is used to digitize 8V full scale signal, what will be the digital o/p for…

A: Number of bits n = 8 Analog input is given Vin=5.76 v Reference signal is given, Vref=8 V

Q: The output signal to noise ratio for a PCM system is minimum 40 dB. For sinusoidal full scale…

A: In the case of sinusoidal full-scale modulation, the output signal to quantization noise ratio for a…

Maximum power transfer theorem

A resistive load will consume maximum power from a network when the load resistance is equal to the resistance of the network as viewed from the open-circuit terminals, with all energy sources removed leaving only the internal resistances. Physicist Moritz von Jacobi introduced the maximum power transfer theorem in 1940. Therefore, this theorem is also known as Jacobi's law.