In a rare inherited disorder, called Wilson’s disease, excessive amounts of copper accumulate in liver and brain tissue. A prominent symptom of the disease is the deposition of copper in greenishbrown layers surrounding the cornea, called Kayser–Fleischer rings. A defective ATP-dependent protein that transports copper across cell membranes causes Wilson’s disease. Apparently, the copper transport protein is required to incorporate copper into ceruloplasmin and to excrete excess copper. In addition to a diet low in copper, Wilson’s disease is treated with zinc sulfate and the chelating agent penicillamine (p. 148). Describe how these treatments work. [Hint: Metallothionein has a greater affinity for copper than for zinc.]

Q: Familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by extremely high levels of cholesterol in the blood,…

A: Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal recessive disorder. It causes an increased amount of…

Q: GSK

A: Introduction:- The activities of cyclin -D dependent kinases serves to integrate extracellular…

Q: Match the following proteins to their functions ✓ Cathepsins ✓ Calpains ✓ Granzyme B ✓ Apoptosis…

A: Introduction A rectilinear chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds constitutes a protein.…

Q: Which of the following is NOT in common between GPCRS and RTKS? Both receptors are activated upon…

A: In the cell plasma membrane, several receptors are present, which help to transfer the extracellular…

Q: The Warburg effect is where tumor cells preferentially catabolize glucose to lactate even in the…

A: The Warburg Effect is known as an increase in the rate of glucose uptake and production of lactate,…

Q: In McArdle's discase, a type of glycogen storage disease, there is a total deficiency of muscle…

A: Glucose is a monosaccharide, and it is the simplest form of carbohydrate. However, in food, it is…

Q: Why is the GTPase activity of G proteins crucial to the proper functioning of a cell? Why have G…

A: GTPass activities are performed by the GTPases which are the families of hydrolase enzymes. G…

Q: Many diseases are characterized by fibrosis, which is excess scarring. This scarring is often caused…

A: Fibrosis is also termed fibrotic scarring, is a pathological wound healing in which connective…

Q: How would the changes from the table above result in skeletal muscle cell protease and lipase…

A: Numerous signalling pathways and biological activities are under the control of intracellular…

Q: cholerae, disrupt G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. They interfere with... the…

A: GPCR is a family of cell surface receptors that perform its action mainly through the action of GTP…

Q: A mutation in the promoter region of the gene for the beta-globin can cause betathalassemia, a…

A: Transcription is the synthesizing of RNA from DNA. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are transcribed…

Q: there are some diseases due to defects in collagen synthesis such as Scurvy, Osteogenesis Imperfecta…

A: Scurvy is a vitamin c deficiency disease.       It is a severe vitamin c disease caused by ascorbic…

Q: Briefly describe how the cyclin D-cdk4/6 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes regulate Retinoblastoma protein…

A: Retinoblastoma is the disease occurring in the retina of the eyes. This is basically eye cancer…

Q: Name the process by which hormones and digestive enzymes are released? A. Phagocytosis B.…

A: Hormones are the chemical messenger secreted by the endocrine glands of the body. They travel…

Q: Identify and list the functions of the three general classes of proteins that control cell death.

A: Answer: Introduction: Cell death is necessary for the normal development of eukaryotic organisms and…

Q: After donating its phosphate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which compound helps restore…

A: A great extent of ATP is required for the movement of muscles. So once muscle contraction starts and…

Q: The DNA located inside of mitochondria exhibits approximately ten times the mutation rate seen in…

A: Mitochondria is a double membrane-bound cell organelle that is used to generate ATP molecules…

Q: Why do you suppose that proteins involved in gene expression are among the heat shock proteins?

A: Introduction:- Heat shock protein: Proteins that aid in the stabilisation of the interior cellular…

Q: Studies on human aging have shown that the levels of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), measured in tissues…

A: Ubiquinone is the main component of electron transport chain in mitochondria required for the ATP…

Q: Most mammalian cells have a single immobile cilium called the primary cilium, in which…

A: Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the process by which proteins are transported into cilia. It…

Q: Which of the following are the common features for both adenylate cyclase and guanylyl cyclase? a)…

A: Proteins that function as biological catalysts are known as enzymes. Catalysts help to speed up…

Q: In addition to glucose, brain cells also need the amino acid phenylalanine to move from the blood…

A: Introduction:- Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that is used to produce proteins and…

Q: One form of anemia results when individuals have a deficiency in the enzyme phosphatidylinositol…

A: Complement decay-accelerating factor (CD55 or DAF) is a protein that is transcribed and translated…

Q: protein

A: a ) the organic properties of a protein atom rely upon its actual collaboration with different…

Q: Individuals with the hereditary disorder ataxia telangiectasia suffer from neurodegeneration,…

A: Ataxia-telangiectasia is a genetic disorder caused by a point mutation in the ATM gene.

Q: The synaptosome-associated receptors referred to as v-SNARES are transmembrane proteins located on…

A: Vesicle membrane contains synaptosome-associated receptors (v-SNARES).

Q: Contraction of both skeletal and smooth muscle requires the influx of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm.…

A: Soft and contractile tissues that are mainly responsible for body movement are called Muscles.…

Q: Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process devoted to the degradation of intracellular…

A: Introduction :  Autophagy is the natural process of  break down and destroying old , damaged cells…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood…

A: Answer :- Option (C) is correct. - Insulin receptor phosphorylation increases insulin secretion.

Q: Describe the symport process by which cells lining the small intestine import glucose. What ion is…

A: Active transport includes the use of metabolic energy for the transport of substances.

Q: The enzymes used in the regulation of chemical reactions during the citric acid cycle are…

A: The TCA cycle is a catabolic pathway that occurs in mitochondria only in the presence of oxygen. In…

Q: Consider the example that actin mRNA localization is important for fibroblast migration. What would…

A: it is required for cell proliferation.

Q: There is a relatively high concentration of phosphatidylcholine on the lumenal side of the ER…

A: Phosphatidylcholine is a type of phospholipid and forms a major component of biological membranes.…

Q: The Iron Response Factor (IRF) protein regulates production of both the iron transport protein…

A: Iron regulating factor (IRF) is a cytoplasmic protein that detects intracellular iron levels and…

Q: Bigoxin, a toxin derived from the foxglove (shown), can be used to treat heart disorders such as…

A: The pancreas produces the key digestive enzymes of amylase, protease, and lipase. People with…

Q: Which of the following describes a mechanism by which microtubules are known to be stabilized?…

A: binding induces a closed-to-open and loop-to-helix conformational change of β M-loop, which may…

Q: Please explain the regulatory role of Bcl-2 family proteins in cell death?

A: BCL-2 family proteins are the controllers of apoptosis, yet additionally have different functions to…

Q: A human gene called theCFTR gene (for cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) encodes aprotein that…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…

Q: The Bax gene, codes for a cytosolic protein that plays an important role in apoptosis. Growth factor…

A: BAX gene is a pro apoptotic member of the BCL2 gene family. Correct statements are: - BAX gene is a…

Q: Hurler syndrome is due to a mutation in a gene that encodes aprotein called α-l-iduronidase. This…

A: Hurler syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder and the affected person carries two…

Q: The cystic fibrosis gene encodes a chloride channel protein necessary for normal cellular functions.…

A: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that occurs due to inactivity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane…

Q: For each of the following situations, provide a plausible explanation for how it could lead to…

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: What do mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of the LDL receptor that cause familial…

A: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disease that runs in families. It raises LDL (bad)…

Q: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disease characterized by high blood levels of…

A: The FH , familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder.

Q: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic condition characterized by an absence of functional LDL…

A: About 1 in 100 to 200 people have mutations in the LDLR gene that encodes the LDL receptor protein,…

Q: How are actin-regulatory proteinscontrolled spatially in the cytoplasm togenerate multiple distinct…

A: Actin is one of the most important proteins in the cell, playing a major role in cell motility,…

Q: Barth Syndrome describe how it impacts overall cellular function in those afflicted by the disorder?

A: In recent decades, a higher proportion of people with Barth syndrome (BTHS) have survived into…

Q: Suppose that a G protein undergoes a mutation that allows the exchange of bound GTP for GDP to occur…

A: GPCR or G-protein binding receptors are a class of membrane receptors that respond to many external…