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Improper cell signaling can lead to cancer.
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- The basic elements or molecules of cell signaling I. second messengers - substances that enhances or inhibits activities of other proteins II. effectors - are usually enzymes that catalyzes formation of the second messenger III. receptors - cell membrane transmembrane proteins that interacts with ligands outside the cell IV. first messengers - usually are ligands outside the cell and interacts with transmembrane protein receptors I, III, IV only II, III, IV only I, II, III, IV I, II, III onlyI am stuck on a question about cell growth signaling and RTKs. If phosphatase is nonfunctional, could it lead to uncontrollable growth resulting in cancer?how does insulin increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle? Group of answer choices G-Protein cell surface sugnaling tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor signailing nuclear receptor cell signaling beta 3 cell surface receptor signaling
- A pharmaceutical company just developed a drug (Cytarabine) that inhibits the activity of cytosine deaminase but increases intracellular concentrations of ara-dCTP in tumor cell. This will likely produced increased tumor sensitivity to Cytarabine. Group of answer choices True FalseAlzhaimer: Cell signaling pathway involved: Signal mechanism (What is the ligand?) Type of receptor Basics of signal transduction pathway Specifics of cellular response and organismal responseN Signal Sequence The schematic above depicts a protein with the indicated signaling sequences along its length. Based on these signaling sequences what type of protein is this? N-X-S/T there is not enough information to determine A secreted peptide hormone A lysosomal hydrolase A glycoprotein
- Receptors often activate signaling molecules that are __________. This property helps to increase signaling efficiency of this pathway. bound to the plasma membrane floating in the cytosol locked in the endoplasmic reticulum inside the mitochondria all of the aboveClassify the phrases. Does each phrase describe a kinase, a phosphatase, neither, or both? Kinases Phosphatases Answer Bank Neither Both may use ATP as a phosphoryl group donor PKA (protein kinase A) is an example regulate the activity of other proteins catalyze dephosphorylation reactions in eukaryotes, transfer phosphoryl groups to acidic amino acids catalyze reactions that are the reverse of dephosphorylation reactions add phosphoryl groups to proteins turn off signaling pathways triggered by kinasesWhich of the following utilizes receptors that are located in the cytosol? Steroid Hormone Signaling GPCR Singaling Ion channel signaling RTK Singaling
- . Leukemia is a neoplastic (cancerous) proliferation of white blood cells. Clinicians are currently testing deoxycoformycin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, as a possible antileukemic agent. Why might one expect this therapy to be effective?Which of the following statements about pyruvate kinase expressed in cancer cells is correct? Group of answer choices Cancer cells express the M1 isoform Cancer cells express a less active isoform The isoform in cancer cells is activated by growth factors The isoform in cancer cells produces large quantities of ATP1. Plays an important role in intracellular signaling 2. helps maintain an erection in men 3. has a key role in glycoprotein synthesis 4. Helps control diabetes by reducing blood sugar and insulin resistance 5. facilitates absorption of minerals such as Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium 6. removes toxic substances from the breakdown of muscle proteins during intensive exercise 7. has a synergistic effect with Vitamin E and Selenium 8. Needed to produce tryptophan 9. Protects myelin sheath 10. facilitates removal of heavy metals such as mercury Choices for the answers: A. Alanine B. Cysteine C. Glutamine D. Glutathione E. Glycine F. Serine G. Taurine H. Aspargine I. Aspartic Acid J. Proline K. L-arginine L. Tyrosine