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13. After undergoing a kidney transplant , a 42- year old man requires an antivirtal drug for hepatic lesion, an antigungal drug for esophageal candidasis and , an anti bacterial drug for sinusitis. He is also receiving treatment with cyclosporine for immunosuppression. if an increase in his serum cyclosporine concentration is most likely due to drug-to drug interaction, which of the following drugs is the most likely cause of this findings?
(A) Acyclovir
(B) Cefoxitin
(C) Fluconazole
(D) Penicillin
(E) Tetracyclin
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- 65. A 45-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, and liver disease develops fever, severe headache, and vomiting over the course of 12 hours. Physical examination shows nuchal rigidity. A lumbar puncture is done. Laboratory studies show: 180 mg/dL Serum glucose Cerebrospinal fluid Neutrophils Protein Glucose Culture Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy? า A) Ceftriaxone -2 B) Clindamycin C) Erythromycin D) Gentamicin OE) Nafcillin x 300/mm³ 100 mg/dL 25 mg/dL gram-positive diplococci nudkal RigidityMrs. Anderson, a 45-year-old woman with a history of chronic back pain, has been taking X as prescribed by her rheumatologist for the past eight months. During a routine check-up, her liver function tests revealed significantly elevated liver enzymes. She has not experienced any noticeable symptoms but is now being closely monitored for potential liver-related issues. 1. Define the concept of signal detection in pharmacoepidemiology and explain its role in identifying potential adverse drug reactions. Discuss the importance of signal detection in ensuring the safety of pharmaceutical products in the post-marketing phase. 2. Propose a pharmacoepidemiological study design to confirm or refute the signal of hepatotoxicity associated with X. Consider factors such as study population, exposure definition, and outcome measures. Discuss the strengths and limitations of your chosen study design. 3. Outline the methods and data sources that could be used to collect information on…1. Give the diagnostic tools for disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. 2. Differentiate cross-linked clot from non-cross-linked. How will you differentiate them? 3. Importance of d-dimer testing.
- 5. Read the heparin label and draw a line on the appropriate syringe, indicating the dose. 1E menaject -S ... 6. The client has progressed to a regula diet and is ordered Humulin N 13 unit and Humulin R 6 units subcutaneous 30 minutes ac breakfast, and Humulin N 5 units and Humulin R 5 units subcuta- neous 30 minutes ac dinner. a. How many units will the client re- ceive before breakfast? b. Indicate on the appropriate syringe given the number of units of each insulin required before breakfast. lai l a NDC 0703-3321-91 NDC 10019-176-3916. A 30 year old woman with a 2-year history of systematic lupus erythematous comes to the physician for a follow-upexamination. Her condition has been well controlled for 6 months with corticosteriods. She has felt well and has not had fatigue. Menses occur at regular 28 day intervals with normal flow. Her pulse is 76/min and blood presssure is 130/80 mm Hg. Physical examination shows pale mucus membranes. Laboratory studies show Haemoglobin 10.6 g/Dl( 14 g/Dl 1 year ago) Leukocyte Count 5000/mm3 Recticulocye count 3 % Platelet count 250,000/mm3 Serum heptaglobin 30mg/Dl (N=40-200) Urine urobilinogen 3 + A peripherla blood smear shows recticulocytosis and a few spherocytes. A direct antglobulin(…2. Identify the following in the test for chronic gastritis. 1.1 substance or component that acts as an antigen 1.2 substance or component that acts as an antibody 3. What could be the advantage of using an immunochromatographic assay for Helicobacter antibodies over the invasive test such histopathological testing of biopsy specimens?
- 1.2 Mr Juju verbalises that he was vaccinated for corona viruses two weeks ago 1.2.1. Explain the role of antibodies following vaccination 1.3 A week later: Mr Juju presents with Blood Glucose of 17.8mm/dl and blood pressure of 90/50mmHg 1.3.1. Describe the action insulin in response to elevated blood glucose to maintain blood glucose to normal ranges 1.3.2. Explain the influence of hormonal regulation to maintain normal blood pressure under the following: 1.3.2.1. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) 1.3.2.2. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)2. What will be the effect in prothrombin time if the patient is receiving therapeutic heparin? 3. Prothrombin Time is performed diagnostically when any coagulopathy is suspected. Explain the expected results of PT on the following coagulopathies: 3.1 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 3.2 Liver Disease SERUM PROTHROMBIN TIME 3.3 Vitamin K Deficiency 4. Illustrate and label the different steps of Serum Prothrombin Time.2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-022-00692-1 (link to research) a) In the immunohistochemistry section of the materials and methods section the authors wrote “The number of positive cells in hotspot areas in ten high power fields (HPFs) in areas of demyelination and plaques in the brain stem were counted using the image analysis software (Lecia Application Suite Version 4.12.0, Welzlar, Germany).” Why were they looking at demyelination areas for this study? b) In the effect of mitoxantrone on histopathological changes in the brain section of the results section the authors wrote “Active plaques revealed inflammatory cellular infiltrates with abundant macrophages stuffed with myelin debris, an evidence of ongoing myelin breakdown.” What does macrophages stuffed with myelin debris have to do with the study?
- A 42 YO adult male weighing 142lb, wo is being treated for HSE (herpes simplex enceplhalitis), has been prescribed acyclovir 10mg/kg/dose IV q 8h for 14days. Acyclovir for injection is available in 10 and 20 mL vials containing 50mg/mL. a) How many mg will the patient receive each day? b) How many mg will the patient receive each dose? c) How many mL will the patient receive each dose? d) How many mL will the patient receive each day?Please explain, would the answer be C). This patient is at risk for infection because of his low white blood cell count. 64-year-old African American male visits his primary care physician with complaints of bone pain, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and constipation. The patient has a history of good health and exercises regularly. However, his recent symptoms have started to interfere with his active lifestyle. After a physical examination, his physician orders laboratory analysis to identify what might be causing his symptoms. Based on the CBC results and your knowledge of the cellular components of the immune system, what is an immunological concern for this patient? A). This patient is at increased risk for bruising and bleeding because of his low platelet count. B). The patient’s fatigue is caused by the lack of red blood cells (anemia). C). This patient is at risk for infection because of his low white blood cell count.A doctor is on rounds, shadowing a clinical pharmacy specialist in the Infectious Disease Department of a local hospital. A patient is demonstrating abnormally low levels of leukocyte specific ICAM. In this patient, what might you expect to see? I. Poor wound healing II A very healthy individual with no signs of infection III, Little to no extravasation of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. a) I only b) II Only c) I and III d) II and III e) I, II, II
