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- lectors in England noted that most peppered moths collected in the early 1800's were light gray peppered with bits of black. Many ye- s collected were almost completely black.What do the studies of changes between black and light color wings in populations of the c Natural selection can quickly change the most common phenotypes in a population Predators prefer light colored moths Dark colored moths are better than light colored moths Natural selection cannot happen quickly.Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small pelvis and leg bones that are remnants from this ancestor. What are these caled? Vestiglal structure O Homologous strucre O Sympatric structure O Molecular homology In the 1890s, hunting reduced the northern elephant seal population to only 20 individuals. Due to conservation efforts, their population size today is above 30,000. Of what is this an example? Founder effectthere are two alleles per genotype. evolutionary forces are operating on the population. O evolutionary forces are not operating on the population. In a rodent population, the size of individuals determines the size of seeds they eat. Larger seeds contain more nutrition, but only the largest individuals can handle the largest seeds. Larger individuals also require more nutrition. Currently, there is a wide distribution of both rodent and seed sizes. What event would most likely lead to disruptive selection? O Both the very large and the very small seeds become more common, while fewer intermediate-sized seeds become less common. O Both the very large and the very small seeds become less common, while fewer intermediate-sized seeds become more common. All seeds become less common, independent of size. O Larger seeds become more common, while smaller ones become less common. O Smaller seeds become more common, while larger ones become less common.
- The rough-skinned newt, which lives in western North America, stores a poison in its skin and is avoided by predators. However, several populations of garter snakes have undergone one or a few mutations that enablethem to tolerate the toxin, and these snakes eat the newts with no ill effects. How has natural selection affected this predator–prey relationship? Based on what you have learned about evolutionary arms races, predict what may happen to the newts and the poison-resistant garter snakes over time.Which of the following is an example of a limitation on adaptation through natural selection? In a population of bacteria exposed to an antibiotic, there may be no individual with a resistance gene on which selection can act. O Bacteria reproduce very rapidly. Natural selection can only work to improve a species in the longer term and would not allow selection of something that would only have a short-term benefit. Mutations are very rare. Most animal populations have little genetic variation on which selection can act.Naturalists who have accepted evolutionary theory now propose that: all of the items listed extinction occurs when the food supply becomes nutritionally unbalanced O populations of plants and animals in nature most often consist of individuals that are clones of each other populations of a species that become isolated from others by adapting to different environmental niches quickly become extinct those individuals whose variation gives them an advantage in staying alive long enough to reproduce are more likely to pass their traits on to the next generation
- Choose the assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium that best applies to the following statement. "Random changes of DNA can lead to new genes which code for proteins that give an organism a new adaptation." O Random Mating O No Gene Flow O Large Population Size O No Natural Selection O No MutationElephants have very large heads that necessitate the need for a short, thick neck. Their short, heavily muscled neck prevents them from lowering their head to the ground to graze on grass or drink water from a pond. Elephants have evolved long trunks to reach grass and water. Which kind of selection is responsible for elephants' long trunks? O Stabilizing O Diversifying O DirectionalWhen considering synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations within a population, which of the following is TRUE? O Nonsynonymous mutations will more often be removed by purifying selection The two types of mutations are not distinguished by purifying selection O Synonymous mutations will more often be removed by purifying selection Only synonymous mutations are retained by natural selection O Only nonsynonymous mutations are retained over the course of evolution
- Sometimes gene flow between populations can have negative effects, with one population receiving genes of lower fitness from another population. Which of the following below is a good case example of this observation? O Tibetian highland people interbreeding with lowland people producing children of intermediate hemoglobin proteins OInterbreeding of Texas and Florida Panthers have greater survivorship than inbred Florida Panthers O Male Townshend Warblers out compete male Hermt Warblers and mate with female Hermit Warblers O Wild steelhead interbreeding with captive steelhead produced offspring with lower relative fitnessWhich of the following is NOT required in order for natural selection to occur in a population? O All of these are required for natural selection to occur O There is variation in phenotypes of individuals in the population O Individuals with some phenotypes produce more offspring than individuals with other phenotypes O Individuals in the population compete with one another for mates O Offspring inherit traits from their parentsDeer mice are usually found in the woods and are dark brown in color. The deer mice that live in the Sand Hills of Nebraska, however, have evolved a lighter coloring, the result of a change in one gene. How does this information illustrate natural selection?* O Speciation occurs when groups are geographically isolated. O The population evolved when the gene frequency remained the same. O Individuals, not populations, evolve. A variation helped individuals to survive in their environment and to pass on their genes to the next generation.