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- Hypoglycemia comes about for various reasons and clinic symptoms usually occur at blood glucose concentrations: A.pathophysiology Categorize the clinical manifestations and diagnostic lab values most associated with hyperosmolar coma vs. diabetic ketoacidosis Answer options: Decreased level of consciousness caused by osmotic cell shriveling Insulin is low Ketoacids Decreased level of consciousness caused by decreased pH Blood glucose >600 mg/dL Insulin is absent Blood glucose of 300 to 600 mg/dL No ketoacidsDiscuss the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and explain the reasons for the sign/symptoms seen in diabetes. ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Type 1 - causes ,incidence Type 2 - cause, incidence Lack of insulin to blood glucose levels rise ( hyperglycaemia e.g. 20mmol/or more); glucose can not move into cells to provide energy for metabolic reactions. Link to symptoms, e.g. tiredness, hunger. Glucose excreted in urine ( exceeds renal threshold). Link to polyuria,thirst,dehydration - protein broken down to form more glucose (gluconeogenesis): provides energy to cells. -Link Fats broken down to FFA and glycerol for glucose production (gluconeogenesis). Link to weight loss. Link excess ketone bodies formed from fat break down to ketoacidosis. Link to ketone in urine (ketonuria), vomiting, coma.
- How does Type-2 Diabetes occur? Explain the pathophysiology and give its laboratory diagnosisIn relation to each cue, describe the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Fruity and sweet-smelling Odor to the breath Oliguria (low urine output) Frequent urination High blood glucose levels Hypertension Excessive thirst Nausea and vomiting Fatigue and lethargyHow does the pathophysiology of diabetes ketoacidosis differ from hyperosmolar non-ketonic coma? (easy and simple)