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- Predict the products formed when the following sugars react with excess acetic anhydrideand pyridine.(a) a-d-glucopyranosePredict the products formed when the following sugars react with excess acetic anhydrideand pyridine.(a) a-d-glucopyranose (b) b-d-ribofuranoseFrom which amino acid are serotonin and melatonin synthesized? What types of reac- tions are involved in their biosynthesis? HO, CH,CH,NH, CH,O, CH,CH,NHCCH, (a) (b) H Serotonin Melatonin
- The enolate derived from diethyl acetamidomalonate is treated with each of the following alkyl halides. After hydrolysis and decarboxylation, what amino acid is formed: (a) CH3I; (b) (CH3)2CHCH2Cl; (c) CH3CH2CH(CH3)Br?3-Fucosyllactose is another HMO found in breast milk. (a) Locate any acetal and hemiacetal. (b) What products are formed when 3-fucosyllactose is hydrolyzed in aqueous acid?This Fischer esterification reaction produces what product? OH (A) (B) (C) (D) + OH 앳 H+
- One of the steps in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose catabolism is the reaction of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate with glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate in the presence of a transaldolase to yield erythrose 4-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. (a) The first part of the reaction is the formation of a protonated Schiff base of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate with a lysine residue in the enzyme followed by a retro-aldol cleavage to give an enamine plus erythrose 4-phosphate. Show the structure of the enamine and the mechanism by which it is formed. (b) The second part of the reaction is a nucleophilic addition of the enamine to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate followed by hydrolysis of the Schiff base to give fructose 6-phosphate. Show the mechanism.Carbonic anhydrase facilitates the dissolution of carbon dioxide gas into water by catalyzing its hydration. Is the catalyzed reaction efficient? By what criterion do you state that?Identify the organic functional group and reaction type for the following reaction. The reactant is a(n) - carboxylic acid hexose - Aldohexose - aldotetrose -deoxyhexose -carboxylic acid tetrose - ketohexose The product is a(n) - carboxylic acid tetrose - aldotetrose -alcohol hexose -aldohexose -carboxylic acid hexose - alcohol tetrose The reaction type is - hemiacetal formation -hydrolysis -oxidation( Benedict’s) -acetal formation -reduction( hydrogenation) - mutarotation
- Predict the products obtained when d-galactose reacts with each reagent. (f) excess Ac2O and pyridine (g) excess CH3 I, Ag2OImidazoleglycerol‑phosphate dehydratase is an enzyme in the histine biosynthesis pathway. It catalyzes the E1 dehydration of D‑erthyro‑imidazole‑glycerol phosphate to imidazole acetol‑phosphate. This is a rare example of a biological E1 reaction, as most biological elimination reactions occur through E1cB instead. In this reaction, D‑erthyro‑imidazole‑glycerol phosphate is first protonated to form a good leaving group. Then, the leaving group is ejected to form the resonance‑stabilized carbocation shown. Draw curved arrows forming the most stable resonance structure to explain why this reaction goes through an E1 mechanism. Draw curved arrows to form the most stable resonance structure.