Friction is the reason that machines are not 100% efficient. Some of the work gets lost when mechanical energy is transformed into thermal energy. Sometimes when driving down a windy mountain road, you can start to smell the brake pads. Explain what might be going on there:
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Friction is the reason that machines are not 100% efficient. Some of the work gets lost when mechanical energy is transformed into thermal energy.
Sometimes when driving down a windy mountain road, you can start to smell the brake pads. Explain what might be going on there:
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- A 4ton air conditioner removes 5.60107J (48,000 British thermal units) from a cold environment in 1.00 h. (a) What energy input in joules is necessary to do this if the air conditioner has an energy efficiency rating (EER) of 12.0? (b) What is the cost of doing this if the work costs 10.0 cents per 3.60106J (one kilowatt—hour)? (c) Discuss whether this cost seems realistic. Note that the energy efficiency rating (EER) of an air conditioner or refrigerator is defined to be the number of British thermal units of heat transfer from a cold environment per hour divided by the watts of power input.A PHYS 1510 student was working on a robotics project. The joints on the machine they were building were powered by pistons. Based on how hot the machine was getting, the student was able to figure out that 2.34 J of thermal energy was produced by every piston every time the piston was fully extended to 0.4064 m. What was the force of friction that the piston experienced during every extension? Assume friction is the only source of thermal energy. Include units in Sl.A growing plant creates a highly complex and organized structure out of simple materials such as air, water, and trace minerals. Does this violate the second law of thermodynamics? Why or why not? What is the plant’s ultimate source of energy? Explain.
- Why do we work at a temperature of 25°C. What happens if we increase the temperature ?The rate at which a resting person converts food energy is called one’s basal metabolic rate (BMR). Assume that the resulting internal energy leaves a person’s body by radiation and convection of dry air. When you jog, most of the food energy you burn above your BMR becomes internalenergy that would raise your body temperature if it were not eliminated. Assume that evaporation of perspiration is the mechanism for eliminating this energy. Suppose a person is jogging for “maximum fat burning,” converting food energy at the rate 400 kcal/h above his BMR, and putting out energy by work at the rate 60.0 W. Assume that the heat of evaporation of water at body temperature is equal to its heat of vaporization at 100°C. (a) Determine the hourly rate at which water must evaporate from his skin. (b) When you metabolize fat, the hydrogen atoms in the fat molecule are transferred to oxygen to form water. Assume that metabolism of 1.00 g of fat generates 9.00 kcal of energy and produces 1.00 g of…After you drive for a while your tires will gain some energy via friction and heat up. If the air inside the tires absorbs 150 Joules of energy by heat, and does 100 Joules of work by expanding and lifting your car a fraction of a millimeter, what is the net change in the internal energy of the air inside the tires? (Hint: Use the first law of thermodynamics) 100 Joules 50 Joules 250 Joules 150 Joules
- bacon-cheddar-double-burger meal along with A 65.0-kg mountain climber just ate a Johnny Rocket's two peanut butter milkshakes, which have 5810 Calories (5810 kilocalories). Assume she can convert these calories into energy with 100% efficiency and use the fact that 1 kcal = 4186 J. Calculate how many times she could climb up Mt. Everest - the world's tallest mountain. The height of Mt. Everest is 8840 m.A 65.0-kg mountain climber just ate a Johnny Rocket's bacon-cheddar-double-burger meal along with two peanut butter milkshakes, which have 5810 Calories (5810 kilocalories). Assume she can convert these calories into energy with 100% efficiency and use the fact that 1 kcal = 4186 J. Calculate how many times she could climb up Mt. Everest – the world’s tallest mountain. The height of Mt. Everest is 8840 m.A 60-kg hiker wishes to climb to the summit of Mt. Ogden, an ascent of 5000 vertical feet (1500 m). a.) Assuming that she is 25% efficient at converting chemical energy from food into mechanical work, and that essentially all the mechanical work is used to climb vertically, roughly how many bowls of corn flakes (standard serving size 1 ounce, 100 kilocalories) should the hiker eat before setting out?(b) As the hiker climbs the mountain, three-quarters of the energy from the corn flakes is converted to thermal energy. Ifthere were no way to dissipate this energy, by how many degrees would her body temperature increase?(c) In fact, the extra energy does not warm the hiker's body significantly; instead, it goes (mostly) into evaporating water from her skin. How many liters of water should she drink during the hike to replace the lost fluids? (At 25°C, a reasonable temperature to assume, the latent heat of vaporization of water is 580 cal/g, 8% more than at 100°C.)
- A 65-kg indoor rock climber eats an energy bar that has 500 kilocalories to fuel an afternoon of climbing. If the climber has a typical 20% efficiency for energy used by the body, how many times can the climber scale an 11.8-m wall using the energy provided by the bar? (1.00J = 4.184 cal) A. two timesB. three timesC. twelve timesD. fifteen timesA 2000kg car is advertised that it can go from rest to 30m/s, drives 100km, and 3000m in height on 1 gallon(2.8kg) of gas. The average force of friction including air resistance is 700N. Gasoline has a heat of combustion of 5.0 x 104 J/g. a) What is the car’s efficiency if all of this is true? b) Do you think the advertisement is accurate?A 55-kg woman cheats on her diet and eats a 540-Calorie (540 kcal) jelly doughnut for breakfast. (a) How many joules of energy are the equivalent of woman climb to perform an amount of mechanical work equivalent to the food energy in one jelly doughnut? Assume the height of a single stair is 15 cm. (c) If the human body is only 25% efficient in converting chemical energy to mechanical energy, how many stairs must the woman climb to work offher breakfast?
