Four firms (A, B, C, and D) play a pricing game (i.e. Bertrand). Each firm (i) may choose any price P; in [0,infinity) with the goal of maximizing its own profit. (Firms do not care directly about their own quantityor others' profits.) Firms A and B have MC = 10, while firms C and D have MC = 20.The firms serve a market with the demand curve Q = 100 - P. All firms produce exactly the sameproduct, so consumers purchase only from the firm with the lowest price. If multiple firms have thesame low price, consumers divide their prices evenly among the low-priced firms.If firms choose price simultaneously:A) a price firm A would choose in equilibrium:a price firm B would choose in equilibrium:B) a price firm C would choose in equilibrium:C) a price firm D would choose in equilibrium:

In a Bertrand oligopoly, companies select prices (not quantity) independently in order to maximize…

Answered: Four firms (A, B, C, and D) play a…

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Two firms produce and sell differentiated products that are substitutes for each other. Their demand curves are Firm 1: Q₁ = 40-3P₁+ P2 1 Firm 2: Q₂ = 40 -3P 2+P1 Both firms have constant marginal costs of $4.70 per unit. Both firms set their own price and take their competitor's price as fixed. Use the Nash equilibrium concept to determine the equilibrium set of prices. Since the firms are identical, they will set the same prices and produce the same quantities. In equilibrium, each firm will charge a price of $ and produce units of output. (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) Each firm will earn a profit of $ (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)
1)a 5% increase in income causes a 3% increase in the quantity demanded of whiskey. The price of tequila increases by 4%. What is the income elasticity of whiskey? 2) Suppose the Market Demand function is Q = 60,700 – 520P. The two firms in the market compete under Bertrand Competition. The Marginal Cost (MC) for the two firms is MC = $39.90. What is the market price at the Nash Equilibrium?
2. Four firms (A, B, C, and D) play a pricing game (i.e. Bertrand). Each firm (i) may choose any price Pi from 0 to ¥, with the goal of maximizing its own profit. Firms A and B have MC = 10, while firms C and D have MC = 20. The firms serve a market with the demand curve Q = 100 – P. All firms produce exactly the same product, so consumers purchase only from the firm with the lowest price. If multiple firms have the same low price, consumers divide their quantities evenly among the low-priced firms. Assume the firms choose price simultaneously. a. There are many equilibria in this simultaneous-move pricing game. Provide one equilibrium combination of prices, and argue that no firm has a unilateral incentive to deviate from these prices. Now assume firm A chooses price first. Firm B observes this choice and then chooses its own price second. Firm C chooses price third, and firm D chooses price last. b. Again, there are many equilibria in this sequential-move pricing game.…
Consider a Bertrand game between two firms. The demand for firm 1's product is given by q1 = 100 - 3p1 + 2p2. The demand for firm 2's product is given by q2 100- 3p2 +2p1. In terms of notation, p1 is the price of firm 1's product and pa is the price of firm 2's product. The two firms choose their prices simultaneously. For your calculations below, assume zero costs and that prices are measured in dollars per unit. Find the equilibrium prices. as b Derive the firms' best-response functions and explain whether the prices are strategic substitutes or complements in this game.
Two firms compete by choosing price. Their demand functions are Q, = 200 - P, +P2 and Q2 = 200 + P, - P2, where P, and P, are the prices charged by each firm, respectively, and Q, and Q, are the resulting demands. Note that the demand for each good depends only on the difference in prices; if the two firms colluded and set the same price, they could make that price as high as they wanted, and earn infinite profits. Marginal costs are zero. Suppose the two firms set their prices at the same time. Find the resulting Nash equilibrium. What price will each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what will its profit be? (Hint: Maximize the profit of each firm with respect to its price.) Each firm will charge a price of $ . (Enter a numeric response rounded to two decimal places.)
Two firms compete by choosing price. Their demand functions are and Q₁ = 40-P₁ + P₂ Q₂=40+P₁-P21 where P₁ and P₂ are the prices charged by each firm, respectively, and Q₁ and Q₂ are the resulting demands. Note that the demand for each good depends only on the difference in prices; if the two firms colluded and set the same price, they could make that price as high as they wanted, and earn infinite profits. Marginal costs are zero. Suppose the two firms set their prices at the same time. Find the resulting Nash equilibrium. What price will each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what will its profit be? (Hint: Maximize the profit of each firm with respect to its price.) Each firm will charge a price of $ (Enter a numeric response rounded to two decimal places.) Each firm will produce units of output. In turn, each firm will earn profit of $ Suppose Firm 1 sets its price first and then Firm 2 sets its price. What price will each firm charge, how much will each sell, and what will be…
Two firms compete by choosing price. Their demand functions are Q, = 20 - P, +P2 and Q2 = 20 + P1 - P2. where P, and P2 are the prices charged by each firm, respectively, and Q, and Q2 are the resulting demands. Note that the demand for each good depends only on the difference in prices; if the two firms colluded and set the same price, they could make that price as high as they wanted, and earn infinite profits. Marginal costs are zero. Suppose the two firms set their prices at the same time. Find the resulting Nash equilibrium. What price will each firm charge, how much will it sell, and what will its profit be? (Hint: Maximize the profit of each firm with respect to its price.) Each firm will charge a price of $ (Enter a numeric response rounded to two decimal places.) Each firm will produce units of output. In turn, each firm will earn profit of $ Suppose Firm 1 sets its price first and then Firm 2 sets its price, What price will each firm charge, how much will each sell, and what…
Suppose that there are two firms operating in the market of laptops, the first firm supplies quantity qi and the second firm supplies q2. The inverse demand function for laptops is P(q1 +q2)=2,000-2(q₁ +q2). The marginal costs are constant and equal to $400. a. b. c. Find the Cournot equilibrium outputs and price. Find the Bertrand equilibrium outputs and price. Suppose that the first firm is the leader choosing the output first, and the second firm is the follower choosing the output after observing the firm firm's choice. Find the new equilibrium output and price and compare them with those in parts a and b. Which of the equilibria is socially preferable?
Suppose Mattel, the producer of Barbie dolls and accessories (sold separately), has two types of consumers who purchase its dolls: low-value consumers and high-value consumers. Each of the low-value consumers tends to purchase one doll and one accessory, with a total willingness to pay of $60. Each of the high-value consumers buys one doll and two accessories and is willing to pay $114 in total. Mattel is currently considering two pricing strategies: Strategy 1: Sell each doll for $30 and each accessory for $301 Strategy 2: Sell each doll for $6 and each accessory for $54 In the following table, indicate the revenue for a low-value and a high-value customer under strategy 1 and strategy 2. Then, assuming each strategy is applied to one low-value and one high-value customer, indicate the total revenue for each strategy. Strategy 1 $30 doll + $30 accessory Strategy 2 $6 doll + $54 accessory Revenue from Low-Value Customers $60 Value, 1 Accessory ($) $ $ The strategy that generates the…
Consider a market for crude oil production. There are two firms in the market. The marginal cost of firm 1 is 20, while that of firm 2 is 20. The marginal cost is assumed to be constant. The inverse demand for crude oil is P(Q)=200-Q, where Q is the total production in the market. These two firms are engaging in Cournot competition. Find the production quantity of firm 1 in Nash equilibrium. If necessary, round off two decimal places and answer up to one decimal place.
Two firms - firm 1 and firm 2 - share a market for a specific product. Both have zero marginal cost. They compete in the manner of Bertrand and the market demand for the product is given by: q = 20 − min{p1, p2}. 1. What are the equilibrium prices and profits? 2. Suppose the two firms have signed a collusion contract, that is, they agree to set the same price and share the market equally. What is the price they would set and what would be their profits? For the following parts, suppose the Bertrand game is played for infinitely many times with discount factor for both firms δ ∈ [0, 1). 3. Let both players adopt the following strategy: start with collusion; maintain the collusive price as long as no one has ever deviated before; otherwise set the Bertrand price. What is the minimum value of δ for which this is a SPNE. 4. Suppose the policy maker has imposed a price floor p = 4, that is, neither firm is allowed to set a price below $4. How does your answer to part 3 change? Is it now…
Two countries produce oil. The per unit production cost of Country 1 is C1 = $2 and of country 2 it is C2 = $4. The total demand for oil is Q = 40-p where p is the market price of a unit of oil. Each country can only produce either 5 units, 10 units or 15 units. The total production of the two countries in a Nash equilibrium is 10 15 20 25 30

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