For the following statement, first, write the statement in formal logic and, using a truth table, determine the conclusion. You must justify your conclusion using the truth table. If Mary is late, then Bill is late, and, if both Mary and Bill are late, then the class is boring. Suppose that class is not boring. What can you conclude about Mary?

Q: Represent the following facts in predicate logic:…

A: 1st statement can be written as: ∀x Food(x) -> Likes(John, x) 2nd statement can be written as:…

Q: You are given the predicates Friend(x.y) which is true is x and y are friends and Person(x) TRUE is…

A: Answer is given below-

Q: Language: C++    Explain your answer - True or False? If class A is a friend of class B, then…

A: A friend in cpp is used to access private and protected members of class.

Q: Does a unifier exist for these pairs of predicates. If they do, give the unifier i. Taller(x,…

A:

Q: To conduct formal proof, it is necessary to have a set of“A ” and the reasoning rules

A: To conduct formal proof, it is necessary to have a set of“A ” and the reasoning rules.

Q: Question 10 Write the following statements in symbolic form using universal and existential…

A: Option B ∃a ∈ A|P(a)

Q: Example 3: (predicate logic) "All people who are not poor and smart are happy. These people who read…

A: "All people who are not poor and are smart are happy. Those people who' read are not stupid. John…

Q: Translate the following sentence into predicate logic: Ali Likes all Movies but does not Like any…

A: The sentence given:- Ali likes all movies But does not like any Theatres.

Q: Express the following sentence in Predicate Logic(Define Ontology first and use it.) 1. Birds…

A: Ontology is a set of concepts and categories in a subject area or domain that shows their properties…

Q: Translate each of these statements into logical expressions using predicates, quantifiers, and…

A: Let the predicate be Perfect(x) : x is perfect

Q: Convert the following sentences to predicate calculus: If something falls into a black hole, then it…

A: In this question we are given a sentence and we have to convert into a predicate calculus. In…

Q: Use the predicate symbols shown. Some elephants are afraid of all mice. Some mice are small.…

A: Predicates are bold and highlighted. Some elephants are afraid of all mice. Some mice are small.…

Q: Simplify the given expression so that negations appear only within individual predicates (that is,…

A: A→B≡ ¬A∨B¬(A∨B)≡¬A∧¬B¬(A∧B)≡¬A∨¬B

Q: Using the predicate symbols shown and appropriate quantifiers, write each English language statement…

A: a. There are some women lawyers who are chemists.

Q: Fill in the question marks(conceptually) the code represents in each instance. Eg. In blank = 15 ,…

A: Given: Fill in the question marks(conceptually) the code represents in each instance. Eg. In blank…

Q: For the given statement below,            “ For any two integers a and b, if both ab and a+b are…

A: The given statement is :  For any two integers a and b, if both ab and a+b are even, then both a and…

Q: i. Marcus was a man. ii. All man are person. iii. Marcus was a Pompeian. iv. All Pompeians were…

A: Lets see the solution.

Q: B(x): x is a bee. F(x): x is a flower. L(x, y): x loves y All bees love all flowers which one from…

A: Translation can be a very tricky business, but it’s obviously an important one. As is often the…

Q: he knowledge of an expert system is given as follow: male(john). male(sam). male(peter).…

A: Find a possible solution below.

Q: Consider the heuristics for this problem shown in the table above, h2 is monotone.   true or…

A: Lets discuss the solution in then next steps

Q: Convert the following sentences to predicate calculus:                                          if…

A: If something falls into a black hole, then it will be lost forever," reads at first as if it takes…

Q: Give the first order predicate calculus of the following statement: "Some fans follow every…

A: Introduction :Given , we have given with 3 statement , we have asked for first order predicated…

Q: ranslating quantified statements from English to logic, part 3.

A: Here, the following logical operations are used: Conjunction operation, p∧q, read as "p and q".…

Q: What is a logic translation of “there is only one animal that scares Mr. Smith and does not scare…

A: Solution:   Given,   What is a logic translation of “there is only one animal that scares Mr. Smith…

Q: Consider the heuristics for this problem shown in the table above, h1 is monotone.   true or…

A: Lets discuss the solution in the next steps

Q: Convert it into predicate logic: Every student in the class has either visited Canada or Mexico.

A: x  denotes  the number of student in this class Let M(x) denotes “x has visited Mexico”, Added C(x)…

Q: Using the same defifinitions as in the previous question, translate each of the following predicate…

A: Given: Using the same defifinitions as in the previous question, translate each of the following…

Q: List down all major steps performed for identifying classes in class-based model. The answer is…

A: Class is an outline or a bunch of directions to assemble a particular sort of object. It is an…

Q: Using the predicate symbols shown and the appropriate quantifiers, write each English language…

A: Given - The domain is the whole world.D(x): x is a dayS(x): x is sunnyR(x): x is rainyM: MondayT:…

Q: Let p, q, and r be the propositions p :You get an A on the final exam. q :You do every exercise in…

A: This is a question of Discrete Mathematics. As per the question we have to write a proposition for :…

Q: Subject : Artificial Intelligence What Is The First Step Of Fuzzy Logic Toolbox? Select one: a.…

A: Fuzzy logic toolbox is a method of reasoning that resembles the human reasoning.

Q: Give 2 examples of Implication. Give sufficient reasoning to support your answer. Follow the example…

A: Implication :              The statement 'p implies q' means that if p is true, then q must also be…

Q: In the context of Propositional Logic, using letters to denote sentences components, translate the…

A: Let p: roses are red      q: violets are blue      r: sugar is sweet

Q: Rewrite the following statement so that negations appear only within predicates (that is, no…

A: A handwritten solution is given below:

Q: Use the predicates Color(x,y,t) – the color of x is y at time t, Later(x,y) – x is later than y, and…

A: Lets discuss the solution in the next steps

Q: “The fish is fresh or I will not order it. The fish is fresh. Therefore, I will order it.” 2. “If…

A: We will consider given argument as the statements and proceed to it. Then we will use the logic…

Q: Complete the following class diagram with the correct associations to make our object-oriented…

A: Below is the class diagram:

Q: Using the predicate symbols shown and appropriate quantifiers, write each English language statement…

A: a. (∀x)B(x)→[R(x)]

Q: h heuristic H1(s) is admissible and heuristic H2(s) is not admissible, then H3(s) = min(H1(s),…

A: Admissible HeuristicsAn admissible heuristic never overestimates the cost of reaching the goal.…

Q: Can i see the answer with explanations

A: a set is a well-defined collection of distinct elements or members. out of all mentioned sets, e and…

Q: Suppose a case scenario of an Animal with two of its type, Cat and Dog. Explain which one of these…

A: The animal is a parent class and it acts as a supertype and whereas Cat and Dog are the child…

Q: Sometimes John loves Mary

A: Given sentence in predicate calculus

Q: Consider the two expressions σθ(E1 ⟕E2) and σθ(E1 ⋈ E2).Give a simple condition on the predicate θ,…

A: Consider the relation dept(id, department) and emp(id, name, deptId) with the sample data: dept:…

Q: Translate the following English sentence into predicate logic. Use the predicat "All CS students…

A: Here the above statement holds true for all students. So we need to use universal quantifier for…

Q: Translate the following statement into logical expressions using predicates, quantifiers (use the…

A: Let A(x)=“x is armed” and D(x)=“x is dangerous”Some dangerous people are not armed. => There…

Q: Consider the predicate language with predicate symbol <, where x < y means that "x is an object…

A: Here the statement holds true for some element X. Thus we we need to use existential quantifier for…

Q: 5. Translate each of these statements into logical expressions using predicates, quantifters, and…

A: Predicates Predicate is also known as propositional function. It is the representation of variables…

Inference in AI

The inference is finding a conclusion or result based on any data, events, and any information. Usually, there will be a set of conditions and the conclusion is made, which satisfies all the given conditions are true. The conclusion is made according to the inference rules. Any artificial intelligence agent or an intelligent system uses the inference engine to find a better result or output. The work of the inference engine is to analyze the fact and figures based on all circumstances. After the analysis, the machine concludes this fact and gives it to the agent. The agent uses this conclusion for further processing and decision-making. Intelligent systems will generate new logic from existing ones based on the facts.