For each of the following utility functions get the marginal utility of consumption of each of the goods. (a) u(Ta, Tb) = ¹/²1/2 (b) u(x, y) = ³/41/4 (c) u(a, b) = ln(ra) + In(x) (d) u(x, y) = ln(x) + In(y) (e) u(a, b) = 2a + Ib
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- If the utility function of an individual takes the form: U = U ( x 1, x2) = (x1 + 2) 2 (x2 + 3) 3 Where U is total utility, and x1 and x2 are the quantities of two commoditiies consumed: (a) Find the marginal-utility function of each of the two commodities (b) Find the value of the marginal utility of the first commodity when 3 units of each commodity are consumed.Kate’s utility function includes coffee (c) and sugar (s). She only consumes coffee and sugar together, and she only consumes in the ratio of one unit (cup) of coffee with two units (spoons) of sugar. Her utility function is What is her marginal utility of sugar if she has 4 cups of coffee and 6 spoons of sugar? Remember that unit are infinitely divisible (you can have parts of units). (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) 22 3) For each utility function, determine the marginal utility with respect to x, marginal utility with respect to y, and the MRS. (3pts each) a) U(x, y)-3x+2y b) U(x, y) 10x¹/5 y c) U(x, y)=x+ y²
- 4.An individual consumes products X and Y and spends $30 per time period. The prices of the two goods are $3 per unit for X and $3 per unit for Y. The consumer in this case has a utility function expressed as: U(X.Y) = 0.5XY How much X should this individual consume, given that he is maximizing the utility? ( A) 4.17 ( B) 5 (C)6 D) 6.253) Oğuz has the utility function U(x1,X2) = x:*x2². (X: nuts, X2: berries). %3D a) If Oğuz has 25 units of nuts and 17 units of berries, the price of nuts is 2 and the price of berries is 1 liras, what would be the optimal consumption of Oğuz? b) Assume the prices change, so that nuts cost 1 and berries cost 3 liras. What is the new demand? In this change, What is the pure substitution effect? What is the income effect? c) In the change calculated in part (b), what is the pure substitution effect? d) In the change calculated in part (b), what is the income effect? In the change calculated in part (b), what is the endowment effect?1 Marginal utility and marginal rate of substitution Suppose an individual who derives utility u(x, y) from consuming a units of good X and y units of good Y. For each of the following utility functions, derive the marginal utility of good X, the marginal utility of good Y, and the marginal rate of substitution between X and Y. (A) u(x, y) = x+by¹/3 (B) u(x, y) = (xy) (C) u(x, y) = ax + xy + by² (D) u(x, y) = n(ax + y) 1 (E) u(x, y) = (x² + √y²) = 2
- A utility function is given by the equation U = 20xe¬0.1x, where x is the number of glasses of wine consumed. (a) Show that this utility function has a maximum value and calculate the maximum utility. (b) Describe how marginal utility changes for glasses of wine consumed after the maximum utility is reached. Do you consider this reasonable? Give an explanation.A consumer finds only three products, X, Y, and Z, are for sale. The amount of utility yielded by their consumption is shown in the table below. Assume that the prices of X, Y, and Z are $10, $2, and $8, respectively, and that the consumer has an income of $74 to spend. (a) Complete the following table by computing the marginal utility per dollar for successive units of X, Y, and Z to one or two decimal places. (b) How many units of X, Y, and Z will the consumer buy when maximizing utility and spending all income? Show this result using the utility maximization formula. (c) Why would the consumer not be maximizing utility by purchasing 2 units of X, 4 units of Y, and 1 unit of Z? Product X Product Y Quantity Utility Marginal Quantity Utility Marginal Utility Utility per$ per$ 1 23 4567 42 82 118 148 170 182 182 1 23 4 5 6 7 14 26 36 44 50 54 56.4 Product Z Quantity Utility Marginal Utility per$ 1 23456 7 32 60 84 100 110 116 120 3..The utility of a consumer derives from consuming the two goods X and Y can be assumed to be determined by the utility functionU(X,Y)= 4X03Y05. If good X costs 10 birr a unit and good Y costs 15 birr a unit and the consumer's income is 120 birr. What combination of X and Y that will maximize utility?
- (2) Consider the utility function u(x, y) = Vx+ay. Your budget constraint is P1x+p2y = М. (a) Find the marginal utilities for these goods. (b) Show that these preferences are quasilinicar. (c) Solve the consumer's optimization problem.Abigail, Bernard, Cornwallis, and Douglas each derive a distinct amount of utility from consuming apples and bananas. Initially, apples cost $2, bananas cost $1, and each person receives a weekly allowance of $20 to spend. For each of the four sets of preferences described below, calculate the compensating variation if the price of apples rises to $5. (a) (4) Abigail: U(a,b) = a + 2b (b) (4) Bernard: U(a,b) = 2a + b (c) (4) Cornwallis: U(a,b) = b −a (d) (4) Douglas: U(a,b) = min(a,3b)On a given evening, J. P. enjoys the consumption of cigars (c) and brandy (b) according tothe functionU(c, b) = 20c− c²+ 18b − 3b²a. How many cigars and glasses of brandy does he consume during an evening? (Cost isno object to J. P.)b. Lately, however, J. P. has been advised by his doctors that he should limit the sum ofglasses of brandy and cigars consumed to 5. How many glasses of brandy and cigarswill he consume under these circumstances?