FILL in the BLANK. Write in CAPITAL LETTERS. Failure to follow instructions would mean INCORRECT ANSWER. (1)_________ plays a central role in the elimination of drugs and other foreign compounds (xenobiotics) from the body. A solid understanding of drug metabolic pathways is an essential tool for pharmacists in their role of selecting and monitoring appropriate drug therapy for their patients. Most organic compounds entering the body are relatively (2)____-soluble. Xenobiotics then meet their metabolic fate through various biological catalysts, also known as (3) _______ that change the parent compound to render it more (4)______- soluble. Once the metabolite is sufficiently water soluble, it may be excreted from the body. Drug metabolism reactions have traditionally been regarded as (5)______ processes, since generally, they convert xenobiotics into their hydrophilic or non-toxic forms. Unfortunately, it is incorrect to assume that drug metabolism reactions are always detoxifying. Many drugs are biotransformed to pharmacologically (6)______ metabolites. These metabolites may have significant activity that contributes substantially to the pharmacological or toxicological effect(s) ascribed to the parent drug. Occasionally, the parent compound is inactive when administered and must be metabolically converted to a biologically active drug (metabolite). These types of compounds are referred to as (7)______. Finally, some agents are metabolically converted into their (8)______ forms, causing adverse effects.
Lipids
The heterogeneous classes of organic compounds that are not water-soluble but are dissolved in organic solvents that are non-polar in nature are termed lipids. They are a long chain of fatty acids and esters of alcohols. Lipids are generally seen in several plants, microorganisms, and animals. They are utilized as insulation, components of the cell membrane, hormones, and molecules for the storage of energy.
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid is the most abundantly occuring phospholipids found in the biological membranes. Lipids include a group of organic compounds like fats, hormones, oils, waxes, vitamins etc. They are non-polar molecules and are insoluble in water. Lipids play an important role in biological systems. They are the building blocks of our cell membranes, store energy and are involved in signaling.
Structure Of Camphor
A terpene with the molecular formula of C10H16O is a waxy, white color solid known as camphor. It is flammable. It also possesses a very pungent taste and a strong odor. There are various sources for extracting camphor from natural products such as the wood of the tree of camphor laurel. Sublimation of wood and steam distillation are some of the methods involved in obtaining camphor.
Glycolipid In Organic Chemistry
Glycolipids are lipids that are an important class of organic compounds in chemistry that have simple to complex applications. They contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, sphingolipids or a glycerol group. In other words, they are the modifications of lipids like acylglycerols, prenols and ceramides. They are all part of a wider group of compounds known as glycoconjugates.
Diterpenoid
The terpenoid class includes diterpenoids, which are chemical compounds with 20 carbon atoms. They are made up of four isoprene units and are derived from geranylgeraniol, a C20 precursor. They have a C20H32 basic structure. These characteristics distinguish diterpenoids from simple terpenes, which have just 10 carbon atoms.
FILL in the BLANK. Write in CAPITAL LETTERS. Failure to follow instructions would mean INCORRECT ANSWER.
(1)_________ plays a central role in the elimination of drugs and other foreign compounds (xenobiotics) from the body. A solid understanding of drug metabolic pathways is an essential tool for pharmacists in their role of selecting and monitoring appropriate drug therapy for their patients. Most organic compounds entering the body are relatively (2)____-soluble. Xenobiotics then meet their metabolic fate through various biological catalysts, also known as (3) _______ that change the parent compound to render it more (4)______- soluble. Once the metabolite is sufficiently water soluble, it may be excreted from the body.
Drug
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