Explain what happens to urine flow rate, specific gravity and urinary excretion of chloride in each group. Explain the physiological mechanisms involved (Ex: ADH stimulated or inhibited because ...) in the results from each group: 2. Salt and Water Group (Potato chips and water) – (Isotonic)
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- Student A. Water (10 mL/kg bodyweight) Time of Urine Time between Urine Urine Solute excretion sample collections osmolarity (uosmol/mL) Vol. excretion rate rate collection (mL) (min) (mL/min) (uosmol/min) 1:10pm 80 277 1:40pm 91 110 2:10pm 177 49 2:40 pm 251 37 3:10 pm 125 66 3:40 pm 54 161Answer all of the following questions: 1. State the implications of a high value of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in the blood and urine. 2. What does the amount of urea, ammonia and creatinine in the urine tell about renal/kidney function? 3. What food substances can lead to an increased value of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in the blood?Work 4. Structural components of the renal corpuscles and the filtering process. Indicate in the image: 1. glomerulus, 2. capsule, 3. afferent arterioles 4. efferent arteriole Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is determined using substances, for example, Img. 25. Renal corpuscle The difference in the composition of the primary urine (ultrafiltrate) from the composition of the blood plasma is Table 13. Forces providing filtration PROMOTES OR IMPEDES PRESSURE VALUE FILTRATION Effective filtration pressure
- Topic: Hematology How fast in mL/min is the total renal blood flow in an average sized adult?Accomplish the table for Urinalysis A. Physical Characteristics of Urine Characteristics Normal Indication of an abnormal result 1. Color 2. Smell 3. pH 4. Density 5. Turbidity B. Chemical Composition of Urine Constituent of Urine Normal Indication of an abnormal result 1. Urea 2. Chloride 3. Sodium 4. Potassium 5. Creatinine C. Describe/ Define: Types of Abnormal Urine Condition 1. Proteinuria 2. Polyuria 3. Oliguria 4. Hematuria 5. Dysuria 6. GlycosuriaTopic: Hematology What are the steps in the RAAS cascade when there is low sodium in the distal convoluted tubule?
- Please answer all thq questions. There are all the questions that are left. Question 1 Select one answer. Which of the following is not a mechanism used by aldosterone to increase blood pressure? a. Increases the osmotic absorption of water b. Prevents loss of sodium from sweat c. Promotes reabsorption of sodium d. Promotes reabsorption of waterNOTE: A IS INCORRECT (a mechanism used by aldosterone) Question 3 Select one answer. Which of the following is not matched with its function? a. Inhibin inhibits FSH release. b. LH stimulates the production of androgens. c. Androgen binding protein keeps plasma levels of testosterone higher in the testes than in the other body fluids. d. Testosterone promotes production of sex hormones.NOTE: D IS INCORRECT (it is matched for its function) Question 7 Select one answer. Which of the following diseases is described accurately? a. Graves' diseases is a condition where too little thyroid hormone is produced. b. Graves' disease is an example of a…Give typed explanation of all three otherwise leave it Answer the following questions: 1) The client for whom you are caring had the following for breakfast: 4 fluid ounces of milk, 6 fluid ounces of coffee, scrambled eggs, and one piece of toast. The client voided 4 fluid ounces of urine this morning. What is the person's fluid intake in millilitres? What is the person's fluid output in millilitres? 2) You are assisting with a 24-hour urine collection on a client assigned to your care. The client is in the dining room and chooses not to return to his room to collect the specimen; instead he voids in the nearest bathroom. Is it okay to just collect one extra sample and continue the collection? 3.You are caring for a client with Clostridium difficile.What precautions should you follow?A 68-year old woman presents with hypertension and oliguria. A CT of the abdomen reveals a hypoplastic left kidney. based on the following laboratory data which of the following is her estimated RPF? Renal artery p-amino hippuric acid (PAH) = 6mg/dL Renal vein PAH = 0.6mg/dL urinary PAH = 25mg/mL urine flow= 1.5mL/min hematocrit = 40%
- Question. A 52-year-old turbel man was brought into emergency department by his wife with main complaints of increasing fatigue and weakness. According to his wife his weakness has progressively worsened over the past month. He was so weak that he almost passed out when walking from the entrance of the ed to the registration desk. His wife reported that he has an increased fluid intake and an increase in urinary output. When asked patient reported that there was no pain on urination of history it urinary tract infection. Patient denied chest pain, vision problems, nausea, diarrhoea and syncope. His wife was concerned that the patient was wobbly when he walked. Past medical history Nephrolithiasis Hypertension Benign prostate hypertrophy Medical history Lisinopril Potassium chloride allopurinol diazepam Social history denies alcohol and tobacco use. Vital signs. Blood pressure 107/56 mmhg. Heart rate 115 respiration rate 22 bpm. Temperature 36.9 celcius Physical examination…Answer the following questions based on research: a. What is the normal specific gravity of urine? b. What is the significance of specific gravity in urine? Indicate the normal range of total solids in urine. c. What substances are responsible for the normal color of urine? d. What happens when urine is allowed to stand for some time, exposed to air? e. What is the normal reaction of urine when freshly voided (acidic, basic, neutral)? To what substancesis this reaction due to? f. What happens when urine is allowed to stand without a preservative? Why? g. What constituent of urine tends to precipitate in acidic urine? h. What substance precipitates when urine is alkaline?Renal Learning Activity 1. What value provides the best estimate of renal function? a. What is a "normal" value for this measure?