Explain the role of a router in the OSI model and give an example of a real-world scenario where a router operates at the network layer.
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Explain the role of a router in the OSI model and give an example of a real-world scenario where a router operates at the network layer.
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- An entry in the switching table of a virtual-circuit network is normally created during the setup phase and deleted during the teardown phase. In other words, the entries in this type of network reflect the current connections, the activity in the network. In contrast, the entries in a routing table of a datagram network do not depend on the current connections; they show the configuration of the network and how any packet should be routed to a final destination. The entries may remain the same even if there is no activity in the network. The routing tables, however, are updated if there are changes in the network. Can you explain the reason for these two different characteristics? Can we say that a virtual-circuit is a connection oriented network and a datagram network is a connectionless network because of the above characteristics?Explain the protocol's route across each tier of the OSI model.Explain the role of a router in the OSI model, and provide an example of a real-world device that operates at this layer.
- Using each layer of the OSI model, explain the route that the protocol follows across the model.What are the distinctions between the various layers of the OSI model when routers are present at multiple layers?The Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is a protocol that operates at the transport layer and provides full duplex, connection-oriented, and reliable delivery services. When we talk about full duplex, reliable delivery, and a focus on connections, what do we mean? Definitions of "connection-oriented," "reliable delivery," and "full duplex"
- Define the functions of a router in the OSI model.Destination IP-based forwarding is used by the per-router control plane (sometimes called the classical network) to connect with other routers. If messages are forwarded depending on their destinations' IP addresses, what are the boundaries of this approach? Include a description of at least three limitations, preferably with examples. To what extent does Software-Defined Networking (SDN) contribute to solving these problems? The examples will serve as the explanation.Using each layer of the OSI model, describe the protocol's path.
- A connectionless protocol, such as Ethernet, defines the route of a packet through source and destination addresses. However, a connection-oriented protocol, such as ATM, defines the route of a cell through virtual connection identifiers (VPIs and VCIs). Could you explain this statement?with the help of a well labelled diagram, design a network system using a combination (at least two ) of the network topologies. Consider the following : (i) Choose a network address for your network system (ii) based on your network address, assign IP addresses to the devices in your network. there should be a server, a switch and router in your network. NB: Discuss the design of your network as part of the answer to this qusetion in yoyr answer booklet. The discussion should include the type of topology used, the network address used,the class of IP address and the general concept of your choice of designThe Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport layer protocol that provides full duplex, connection-oriented, and reliable delivery services. When we say connection-oriented, reliable delivery, and full duplex, what exactly do we mean? What are connection-oriented, dependable delivery, and full duplex mean?