Explain the following code. What is the purpose of the keyword volatile and why is it necessary: #define PORTB (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x25) Write a function in c called: GPIOToggle(int MyPort, char MyBitMask) MyPort is a number from 0-5, Representing PORTA through PORTF. MyBitMask is an 8 bit char with "1"s in positions of the pins you wish to toggle. For example, if: MyPort= 1, MyBitMask =18 = Ob00010010 we would want to toggle PORTB pins 1 and 4 Make sure you don't assume any registers have known contents.

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THIS IS FOR THE ATMEGA32u4 MICROCONTROLLER. DO NOT USE PIN MODE, INTERRUPTS, DIGITAL WRITE. INSTEAD, USE THE SCHEMATIC ALONG WITH THE DATA SHEET OF THE STATED CONTROLLER. I HAVE PASTED THE PICTURE OF THE SCHEMATIC HERE AS WELL AS ATTACHED THE DATA SHEET.

(Here is the link for the schematic: https://learn.adafruit.com/assets/31914)

(Here is the link for the data sheet: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-7766-8-bit-AVR-ATmega16U4-32U4_Datasheet.pdf)

(FOR THE DATA SHEET, PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO PAGES 415 - 417 AS THOSE ARE THE PAGES THAT STATE THE DDR, PORT, AND OTHER VALUES IN HEX THAT WILL BE USED IN THE SOLN.)

 

 

Explain the following code. What is the purpose of the keyword volatile and why is it
necessary:
#define PORTB (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x25)
Write a function in c called:
GPIOToggle(int MyPort, char MyBitMask)
MyPort is a number from 0-5, Representing PORTA through PORTF. MyBitMask is an 8
bit char with "1"s in positions of the pins you wish to toggle. For example, if:
MyPort= 1, MyBitMask =18 = Ob00010010 we would want to toggle PORTB pins 1 and 4
%3D
Make sure you don't assume any registers have known contents.
Transcribed Image Text:Explain the following code. What is the purpose of the keyword volatile and why is it necessary: #define PORTB (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x25) Write a function in c called: GPIOToggle(int MyPort, char MyBitMask) MyPort is a number from 0-5, Representing PORTA through PORTF. MyBitMask is an 8 bit char with "1"s in positions of the pins you wish to toggle. For example, if: MyPort= 1, MyBitMask =18 = Ob00010010 we would want to toggle PORTB pins 1 and 4 %3D Make sure you don't assume any registers have known contents.
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