Evolution takes place through a combination of mechanisms at the level of populations. This process consists of a change in allele frequencies in a population over time. Consider the following scenario: You are observing a population of wild mice that has a dominant allele which produces white-colored fur, while the homozygous recessive alleles result in dark brown fur. Genetic studies have indicated that this gene for fur color follows Mendelian inheritance. Originally, the mice population was comprised of over 80% of white mice in a dark forest environment. As the local fox population increased, you noticed that there were fewer white mice and more brown-colored mice. By the end of your observation period of six months, you notice that brown-colored mice now make up over 60% of the total mice population. 1. Based on this scenario, explain what force of evolution is at work. 2. Are you observing microevolution or macroevolution? Explain your answer.
Gene Flow
Gene flow, also known as gene migration, is the introduction of genetic material from a particular population to another population of the same species through interbreeding. For example, a bee facilitates its reproductive process by carrying pollen from one flower to another. The flow alters the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population. It introduces new alleles within the population and helps increase variability. This exchange of genetic material occurs through reproduction and brings about new combinations of traits into the population. Where human beings are concerned, actual migration of populations, whether voluntary or forced, brings about gene flow.
Population Biology
Population biology is the study of patterns in organism populations, specifically the growth and management of population size, population genetics, the evolution of life history, species interactions, and demography.
Speciation
The process of speciation involves the formation of new species during evolution. The new species evolve in such a way that both new and old species are not able to interbreed. Thus, speciation occurs when few members of one species get separated from the main species due to geographical, mechanical, or reproductive isolation. These separated members develop new traits that make them different from the main species. In other words, speciation could be defined as the absence of gene flow between two populations that become new species.
Allele Fixation
A gene is a unit of heredity and contains both physical and functional information that shapes an individual. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carry genetic information from one generation to another, from one set of parents to their offspring, and so on. Every cell in a human body, or any living organism, has the same DNA, which implies that every cell in an individual’s body has all the information it needs to build and sustain the body!
Evolution takes place through a combination of mechanisms at the level of populations. This process consists of a change in allele frequencies in a population over time. Consider the following scenario: You are observing a population of wild mice that has a dominant allele which produces white-colored fur, while the homozygous recessive alleles result in dark brown fur. Genetic studies have indicated that this gene for fur color follows
1. Based on this scenario, explain what force of evolution is at work.
2. Are you observing microevolution or macroevolution? Explain your answer.
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