Emtricitabine (2,3-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine, abbreviated as FTC) is a nucleoside analog that is used to treat HIV. It works by reversibly binding to HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV RT) and by doing so, inhibits the virus from replicating itself. In an experiment, FTC and purified HIV RT are mixed at low concentrations and allowed to reach equilibrium. The concentrations measured are [FTC] = 10 nM, [HIV RT] = 37.5 nM, and [HIV RT-FTC] = 2.5 µM, for the equilibrium FTC + HIV RT = HIV RT-FTC. What is the Ka in nM?
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- Tenofovir, an analog of adenosine monophosphate, is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. Atazanavir, also used to treat HIV infection, is a protease inhibitor. Approximately 1 in 1,000 virus particles carries a mutation that confers resistance against any given anti-HIV drug. If there are 1010 virus particles circulating in a patient, roughly how many of them would be resistant to both tenofovir and atazanavir? - 104 - 106 - 107 - 5 x 107 - 1010Give three reasons why liposomes/nanoparticles are attractive drug delivery system for recombinant protein preparations?A conjugate was incubated with a mixture of lysosomal enzymes and no drug release was observed in these conditions. The same conjugate was tested for antitumor activity in vivo and an anticancer effect was observed. Taking into account the information provided above, hypothesize a possible mechanism of action for this conjugate.
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