1. Historically when bargaining between labor and management has broken down, the consequences have been costly. Strikes can go on for months, preventing companies from producing output and workers from working. In the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 and the Labor-Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act) of 1947, policy makers created constraints within which these potentially devastating failures to bargain would be kept to a minimum. a. How do these acts do this? b. Is this most consistent with Normative Hobbes Theorem or the Normative Coase Theorem? Explain.
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- 1. Discuss the role of the following in the process of organizing a labor union: employee, employer, DOLE. 2. You are the negotiator in the latest Philippine Airlines Employees Association/Philippine Airlines (PALEA/PAL) contract. What would you do if negotiations reached a bargaining deadlock? Be specific and explain the consequences of any proposed action. 3. Are you for or against Union? What can you say about the weakening of labor movement in the Philippines because of the growth of business process outsourcing?6. Under certain circumstances, it is possible for unions to better their interests by affecting or altering the union constraint in a direct or indirect manner. Could you recommend a strategy that may work for this goal, based on your microeconomics knowledge? How can unions put your strategy to work? Demonstrate the effect of your strategy in a diagram.The demand for unionized labor will generally be more elastic, and it will be more difficult for the union to achieve above-equilibrium wages, when: O there are few close substitutes for the unionized workers. O trade barriers limit the importation of the product produced by the unionized workers. O the cost of employing the unionized workers is a small part of the total cost of product that they produce. the demand for the product produced by the unionized workers is relatively price elastic. A strike, or the threat of one, is most likely to be effective when: O demand for the firm's product is weak. O foreign competition for the product is high. O the firm has a low product inventory. O demand for the product produced by the union workers is highly elastic.
- How today’s unions help working people Giving workers the power to improve their jobs and unrig the economy Americans have always joined together—whether in parent teacher associations or local community organizations—to solve problems and make changes that improve their lives and their communities. Through unions, people join together to strive for improvements at the place where they spend a large portion of their waking hours: work. The freedom of workers to join together in unions and negotiate with employers (in a process known as collective bargaining) is widely recognized as a fundamental human right across the globe. In the United States, this right is protected by the U.S. Constitution and U.S. law and is supported by a majority of Americans.1 Over 16 million working women and men in the United States are exercising this right—these 16 million workers are represented by unions. Overall, more than one in nine U.S. workers are represented by unions. This representation makes…Use 2-diagrams, one for unionized and the other for non-unionized sector where both markets are initially in equilibrium. Assume that despite an increase in wages in unionized sector, the employment level is fixed in the unionized sector at the initial competitive equilibrium level. What would be the impact of an increase in wages on both sectors in this case? Explain2. What are some reasonable goals for a union? Use the tools of supply and demand to explain how a union might pursue its goals, whatever they are. Consider a union that has been in the news recently. What was it trying to accomplish?
- Use a graph to demonstrate the likely bargaining outcomes of three industries, all with identical union resistance curves.a. Firm A has been losing money recently as wages and fringe benefits have risen from 63 to 89 percent of all costs in just the last three years.b. Most of firm B’s revenues come from supplying a product to three customers who use the product in their manufacturing of computers using a just-in-time inventory system.c. Firm C is a local government that finds itself negotiating with its unionized employees. Government officials are pleased with the employees’ productivity, but they also face local pressure to keep taxes low.6. Contrasting labor union laws in two states Consider two states that adopt different laws conceming labor unions. The following graph shows the labor market in a state in the North. Initlally, the market-dearing wage there is $8.00 per hour. Suppose that the legislature in this northem state passes laws that make it easy for workers to join a union. Through collective bargalning, the union negotiates a wage of $10.00 per hour. Use the graph Input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph. Graph Input Tool Market for Labor 16 Wage (Dollars per hour) 14 Supply 2.00 Labor Demanded (Thousands of workers) 12 Labor Supplied (Thousands of workers) 1,400 200 10 Demand 2 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 LABOR (Thousands of workers) Enter $10.00 Into the box labeled WVage on the previous graph. Hint: Be sure to pay attention to the units used on the graph. At the union wage, union workers will be employed. The following…How to calculate the percentage of decline in national income resulting from misallocation of labor in a model of monopoly unionism? And how to discuss the both unions and firms can be better off if they move off the demand curve? Give some example of derive the contract curve. What is the difference between efficient contracts and strongly efficient contracts ? Discuss the application of Hicks Paradox. What is the labor strike and how does it affect the business of the firm? Identify and explain the different catergoties of labor strike.
- How does a court determine the terms of a contract? Which of the following is correct?Courts are not permitted to examine anything other than a written document or express statements made by the parties themselvesThe courts may guess at what the parties intended, this is done on a reasonable man testThe courts will usually determine the terms of the contract to be those that other contractors would have hadA court will examine the statements of the parties, actions, and any written documents and any implied terms when determining the contents of a contract2. US Mkt. U.S.-built foreign cars. GM, Ford, Stellantis account for roughly 40% of the cars produced in the US. Foreign manufacturers (Toyota, Volkswagen, etc.) produce cars in the US and their plants are not unionized. Assume that the wages of their workers will NOT be directly affected by the changes taking place at GM, Ford, Stellantis. The changes in the price for American cars affects supply/demand of U.S-built foreign cars because, On the graph: (1) Show the effect of the (2) Show the producer surplus (PSO) before the change in the price for American cars. Equilibrium price equilibrium quantity change in the price for American cars and the producer surplus (PS1) after the change. pe4. If a monopsonist employer can perfectly wage-discriminate in hiring its workforce there is no dead- weight loss associated with the monopsony. (a) Explain the above statement. (b) Why is wage discrimination generally illegal even though it improves our usual measure of wel- fare W (the sum of worker surplus and buyer or employer surplus) in the factor market? (c) If all employers in an economy were effectively monopsonists who could engage in perfect wage discrimination, what would the resulting allocation of society's output look like intuitively?