Eco Tour operates a hiking trip in a forest, resulting in destruction of the trees in the forest. This reduces the income of Woody who rely on chopping trees in the forest and sell firewood for a living. The trees will be able to recover if Eco Tour were to reduce the number of hiking trips. Assume there is no negotiation cost between Woody and Eco Tour. The payoff to both parties with current and reduced operations of Eco Tour is shown in the table below: Income Eco Tour Woody SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Eco Tour maintain current operations $3,000 $1,200 Eco Tour reduces operations $1,600 $2,800 (a) Explain how the social optimal outcome can be achieved if Woody has the right to a damaged-free forest. (b) How will your answer be affected if Eco Tour has the right to organize hiking trips and not liable for any damages to the forest?
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- Consider a small town with two competing restaurants: Doug’s Diner and Betty’s Bistro. There is 1000profit to be made in the market. Each period, the restaurants simultaneously decide whether to offer high orlow quality food. In order to offer high quality food, each restaurant must hire an expert chef, which incursan additional cost of 100. The restaurants split the profit equally if they offer the same quality of food. Ifone restaurant offers high quality food while the other offers low quality food, the high quality restauranttakes four fifths of the profit and the low quality restaurant takes one fifth of the profit.(a) Draw up the normal form game matrix, showing the players, strategies, and payoffs.(b) Determine the Nash equilibrium of this game.(c) Explain how the restaurant owners could both be better off than in the Nash equilibrium if they wereable to cooperate. Is the town as a whole better off or worse off when the firms cooperate? Why or whynot?Pre-mixed concrete is an important input for the construction industry. Concrete cannotbe stored or transported over long distances as it begins to set after only a few hours. Forthis reason, only the three local firms—Aggregate Inc., Big Industries and ConCorp—arein a position to compete in the market. Moreover, the capital and regulatory requirementsfor constructing a new concrete plant are substantial, creating an effective barrier to entry.Pre-mixed concrete is regarded as a homogeneous good by the construction industry.Inverse demand in the market has been estimated to be,P = 600 −Q/50,where P represents the price of a cubic metre of concrete in dollars, and Q is the totalnumber of cubic metres of concrete supplied into the market on a given day.At present the three firms appear have identical production costs, with each firm facingfixed costs of $400,000 per day and a marginal cost of $180 per cubic metre.Big Industries and ConCorp estimate that the proposed merger would reduce…Each time a song is played on the radio, the record company and the songwriter are paid a royalty of $0.30.Of the total, 75% goes to the company and the rest to the writer. If on a network of 50 radio stations, a certainsong is played 4 times a day during the first week and then 20 times a day for the next three weeks, how muchdoes the network owe in royalties for the four weeks? How much do the record company and the songwriterreceive each
- During your first month as an employee atGreenfield Industries (a large drill-bit manufacturer),you are asked to evaluate alternatives forproducing a newly designed drill bit on a turningmachine. Your boss’ memorandum to you haspractically no information about what the alternativesare and what criteria should be used. The same taskwas posed to a previous employee who could notfinish the analysis, but she has given you the followinginformation: An old turning machine valued at $350,000exists (in the warehouse) that can be modified for thenew drill bit. The in-house technicians have givenan estimate of $40,000 to modify this machine, andthey assure you that they will have the machine readybefore the projected start date (although they havenever done any modifications of this type). It is hopedthat the old turning machine will be able to meetproduction requirements at full capacity. An outsidecompany, McDonald Inc., made the machine sevenyears ago and can easily do the same…Question Completion Status: Gekko QUESTION 8 Good Quality a Poor Quality SERDE 1 INSGE 19 2 Good Quality Wonka 10 Gekko = 10 Wonka = 12 Gekko = 9 1 Wonka Refer to Table 17-7. Wonka and Gekko agree to cooperate so as to maximize total profit. If this game is played repeatedly and Wonka uses a tit- strategy, it will choose a O a. good quality product in the first round and in subsequent rounds it will choose whatever Gekko chose in the previous round. O b. poor quality product in all rounds, regardless of the choice made by Gekko. C. good quality product in all rounds, regardless of the choice made by Gekko. d. poor quality product in the first round and in subsequent rounds it will choose whatever Gekko chose in the previous round. Poor Quality Wonka = 9 Gekko = 12 Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. Wonka = 11 Gekko = 11 O Pleshow! www 0 R AaYowzah Bids Yowzah receives bids from four companies we'll call A, B, C, and D to supply product for the coming year. René Descartes, the Yowzah VP of Plotting takes the bids and creates this graph to bring to the next executive meeting. Bid Plot ($ vs Volume) 400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 H O 1000 2000 3000 4000 - 0005 0009 A 7000 B 0008 0006 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000- 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 D 9 E Yowzah receives a frantic call from company C. Evidently the fixed cost they quoted was in rupees rather than dollars. If the current exchange rate is 60 rupees to the dollar, what is the net effect of an updated analysis? O Company C has the highest total cost throughout the range depicted in the graph. O Even beyond the range depicted in the graph, company C would be the bidder of choice. O Company C is the bidder of choice throughout the range depicted in the graph. Company C has the highest fixed cost of all four companies. 6-05 D 2
- rock paper scissors гock 0. -3 1 рарer 1. -1 scissors -1 3 0. (a) Show that xT= ( ) and yT= (3) together are not a Nash equilibrium 3 3 313 for this modified game. (b) Formulate a linear program that can be used to calculate a mixed strategy x € A(R) that maximises Rosemary's security level for this modified game. (c) Solve your linear program using the 2-phase simplex algorithm. You should use the format given in lectures. Give a mixed strategy x E A(R) that has an optimal security level for Rosemary and a mixed strategy y E A(C) that has an optimal security level for Colin.Please no written by hand and no emage Two classmates A and B are assigned a group project. Each student can choose to Shirk or Work. If one or more students chooses Work, the project is completed and provides each with credit valued at 4 payoff units each. The cost of completing the project is that 6 total units of effort (measured in payoff units) is divided equally among all players who choose to Work and this is subtracted from their payoff. If both Shirk, they do not have to expend any effort but the project is not completed, giving each a payoff of 0. The instructor can only tell whether the project is completed and cannot determine which students contributed to the project. A. Write down (draw) the normal form game, with payoff in the format of (player A payoff, player B payoff). Note that we assume students choose to Shirk or Work simultaneously. B. Does either player have a dominant strategy? C. Find the Nash equilibrium or equilibria. D. Explain ‘Prisoners’ dilemma’ using the…** Please be advsed that this is practice only from previous yeasr *** Answers: (a) There are no Nash equilibria.(b) There are two pure strategy Nash equilibra, one with (H,H) and another with (L,L), and no mixed strategy Nash equilibria.(c) There are two pure strategy Nash equilibra, one with (H,H) and another with (L,L), and one mixed strategy Nash equilibria with p = 1/2 and q = 1/2.(d) There are two pure strategy Nash equilibra, one with (H,H) and another with (L,L), and one mixed strategy Nash equilibria with p = 1/2 and q = 3/4.(e) There are two pure strategy Nash equilibra, one with (H,H) and another with (L,L), and one mixed strategy Nash equilibria with p = 3/4 and q = 1/2.
- you and a friend decide to run a three mile race. If you agree to run together, you keep up with himfor the first mile, but you overexert yourself and run the last two miles at slower paces on your own. Tomake up for lost time, your friend runs the last two miles at a faster pace. Your mile times are 6:30, 7:00,and 7:30. Your friend’s times are 6:30, 6:00, and 6:00. If you both agree to run on your own, you run aconstant pace of 7:05 while your friend runs at a constant pace of 6:05. If you want to run together butyour friend wants to run solo, he runs his constant pace of 6:05. You, on the other hand, want to showhim that you can run faster, but you end up overexerting yourself after the first mile. You run times of6:20, 7:05, and 7:30. If he wants to run together but you do not, you both run at your pace of 7:05. Thissituation can be turned into an economic game, with the payoffs the overall race times. You each wantto run the fastest time you possibly can.(a) Who are the players in…Karen goes to the casino with 1000$ and plays the following strategy: In her first game, she putsin 1$. If she wins, she finishes playing and takes her profit home. If she looses a game, she willplay another game and put in twice as much money as she did in the previous game. If she wins,she will finish playing and take her profits home. She will keep going with that strategy, untilshe either wins a game or runs out of money.(a) Create a table for n = 1, 2, ..., 10 which lists: (a) The amount of money she puts in in game n;(b) the sum of the amount of money she has put in in all games up to this game n; and (c)her overall profit if the game n is the first game she wins.(b) What is the likelihood of her loosing 8 games in a row?(c) How many games can she loose in a row before she cannot afford to continue with herstrategy of doubling her bet?(d) Given the low likelihood of loosing, is this a smart strategy for Karen to pursue?Ans both.. otherwise dont ans