States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
- There is a difference in the utility of the volumetric flask, beaker, and graduated cylinder.
Percent error increases in the order
volumetric flask < graduated cylinder < beaker. - The percent error of a volumetric flask is 0.3 %, whereas the error is up to 1 %. In the case of the graduated cylinder, it is within 1 %. The accuracy of a beaker is around 10 %.
- Volumetric flask measures one volume even measurement is more accurate. To measure the other volumes, one can use a graduated cylinder. We can use beakers to mix, stir, and heat the solutions.
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