Determine the best decision for Company A using backward induction. Consider the following: 1st Branch: 2nd Branch: Company A will join (J) the market or not (NJ) and If A joins the market, Company B will make negative ads (P), positive ads (Ne), or do neither (Nothing - No) 3rd Branch: If B will make the ads whether positive or negative, Company A will either retaliate (R) or leave (L) the market. N B Ne (4,3) No Po A A (4,4) Re I Re I (2,4) (0, 1) (5,5) (1, 0)
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- 6. The owner of an antique piece of furniture is looking to sell their good to a known buyer. The seller has a reservation value r whereas the buyer has valuation v > r. Suppose the buyer incurs a one-off transportation cost of t from travelling to the seller to purchase the good. Assume that r, vand t are known to both parties. The game proceeds in two stages: First, the buyer decides whether or not to travel to the seller's location in order to purchase. Second, if they travel then the seller makes a take-it-or-leave-it offer (ultimatum) of price p to the buyer, which the buyer then can either accept or reject. (a) Represent this game in extensive form (b) Find the seller's optimal offer in Stage 2 of this game given that the buyer has already travelled. Is it accepted or rejected? (c) Find a Subgame Perfect Equilibrium of this game. (d) Are there any Nash equilibria which are not subgame perfect? Give an example if one exists. (e) Suppose the seller could offer free delivery at a…4. A model of network externalities. Suppose that there are 50 potential consumers in the market for a new technology that exhibits network effects. There is a uniform distribution of consumers with individual valuations, v, ranging from S1, $2,.., S50. Consumer valuation from consuming the technology is given by vN, where N is the number of consumers adopting the technology. Consumers with purchase the product as long as their valuation is greater or equal to the price, so that the marginal consumer has a valuation such that p3vN. The number of consumers adopting the technology is given by the number of people with valuation greater than y, i.e. N = 50 - v. %3D a) Using the information above, derive the relationship between the price of the product and the number of consumers adopting the product, N. Characterize this relationship – does it reflect a typical market demand curve? b) If the price for the product is $600, find the three equilibrium number of adopters in the market. c)…1) What are the Nash equilibria? Which one is unreasonable/non-credible threat? 2) What are the subgame perfect Nash equilibria? Does SPNE concept eliminate the unreasonable Nash equilibrium?
- O $300 Question 11 3 pts Consumers are willing to pay a higher price for a brand-name product as opposed to a generic product because O they are willing to pay more for the privilege of watching the firm's commercials. O consumers maximize utility by purchasing the most expensive products. O a brand name provides a signal about a product's quality and reliability. O a brand-name product itself is always of higher quality. 3 pts Question 12 As competitors enter a market, demand becomes more meaning the demand curve5. Consider the following game: L R 3,1 -2,-1 2,0 1,4 1 C 1,-1 D 0,-1 2,0 4,0 a. Find all pure NE. b. There is a unique MNE. Find it and show why there is no other one. c. Since the outcome (A, R) prescribes negative payoffs for both players, a natural conjecture might be to think that the following distribution over outcomes is a correlated equilibrium. Is it so? L R A 1/3 B 1/3 1/3 C D 2) A.3 0: she makes a pront of $9 An is ISK AVCise and aunty she makes. Let P be the probability that it rains the day of the concert. Find the number P tha makes Ann indifferent between organizing the concert in the Club or at the Park. 8. Compute the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the game below: Bungle F2 # Zippy E Left Right DOD F4 Up 2,-1 R I 20 F3 $ BAG 3 4 -2,0 HOT % 5 F5 Down 3,1 T 4,-2 VO MacBook Air 6 F6 Y & 7 F7 * U 8
- 1. Suppose the following prisoner's dilemma is played twice with the payoff for the entire game being the sum of the payoffs from the two stages. Assume there is no discounting. Player 1 B Player 2 B 2,6 3,3 A 5,5 6,2 a. What is the Nash equilibrium for stage two? b. Show what the game in stage 1 amounts to when the players anticipate the Nash equilibrium for stage 2. c. Provide the subgame-perfect outcome for this game.In the game below, there are two equilibriums: both players play conserve or both players play plunder. If the game is repeated multiple times, players can maintain equilibrium in which conserve is played if: Player 2 Player 1 Conserve Plunder Select one: a. Conserve 100, 100 50,-100 Plunder -100, 50 0,0 Game is repeated many times and discount rates are high O b. Game is repeated few times and discount rates are low O c. Game is repeated few times and discount rates are high O d. Game is repeated many times and discount rates are low5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that two firms, Hatte Latte and Bean Bruuer, are the only sellers of espresso in some hypothetical market. The following payoff matrix gives the profit (in millions of dollars) earned by each company depending on whether or not it chooses to advertise: Hatte Latte Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 10, 10 Bean Bruuer 2,18 Doesn't Advertise 18, 2 11, 11 For example, the lower left cell of the matrix shows that if Bean Bruuer advertises and Hatte Latte does not advertise, Bean Bruuer will make a profit of $18 million, and Hatte Latte will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Hatte Latte and Bean Bruuer are both profit-maximizing firms. If Hatte Latte chooses to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ does not advertise. If Hatte Latte chooses not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ Bruuer does not advertise. million if Bean Bruuer advertises and a profit of $ million if Bean Bruuer advertises and a…
- 5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Fizzo and Pop Hop are the only two firms that sell orange soda. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Рop Hop Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 10, 10 18, 2 Fizzo Doesn't Advertise 2, 18 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Fizzo advertises and Pop Hop doesn't advertise, Fizzo will make a profit of $18 million, and Pop Hop will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Fizzo and Pop Hop are both profit-maximizing firms. If Fizzo decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Pop Hop advertises and a profit of $ million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Fizzo decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of S million if Pop Hop advertises and a profit of $ million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Pop Hop advertises, Fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses If Pop Hop…1. Consider the pricing game between firm 1 (row) and firm 2 (column) belowwhere each number represents the profits made by each firm.:Table 1: Pricing gameLow HighLow 288,288 360,216High 216,360 324,324 a) Point out the Nash equilibrium. Is this a unique Nash equilibrium?c) What type of commitment can firm 1 make to improve its pay-off?Can it be classified as a threat or promise? (Assume that the commitmentis credible.)d) How would you represent the game as a game tree with the option tocommit?2. Consider the signalling / production game with the order of play given below.Assuming that the signal is informative (i.e. education is sufficiently costly),how would you change the order of the game to make sure that poolingequilibriums are ruled out? Verbally motivate your answer.• Nature chooses ability of the workers a ∈ (H, L), ability is observed byworkers but not employers.• The worker choose an education level s ∈ (0, 1).• The employer offer contracts w(s).• The worker accepts or…This is the answer.. plz write in hand written Here, the given decision tree shows that player 1 moves either to enter or not to enter, while player 2 has two options to choose that are concede and price war. When analyzing the given information, it can be seen that player 1 will surely enter the market as it will give him higher payoff than the payoff when he does not enter as does not enter gives him $1 billion, while entry will give him either $2 billion or $1.5 billion. Therefore, player 1 will enter. After the entry of player 1, player 2 has an incentive to choose to concede as it will give him the payoff of$1.5 billion, while price war will give him $1 billion. Therefore, the outcome of this game would be: (Enter, Concede)