Describe the unique fate of organic carbon and phosphorus during sequential anaerobic-aerobic cycling associated with biological phosphorus removal.
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Describe the unique fate of organic carbon and phosphorus during sequential
anaerobic-aerobic cycling associated with biological phosphorus removal.
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- For many years, the total number of molecules of ATP produced for each molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration was given as 38. Later, it was estimated to be closer to 36, and now it is believed tobe closer to 30. What factors must be considered in estimating the yield of ATP molecules? Why are the recent numbers considered to be approximate values?What is the total output of ATP, aerobically, in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?What are the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency? In which form nitrogen has been provided in media? Usually lower levels of NH4+ is provided than NO3- Why? (Subject: Plant tissue and cell culture)
- Oxygen is toxic to anaerobic organisms primarily due to the fact that they lack the ability to express the enzymes needed to metabolize the toxic intermediates generated from oxygen utilization. true or falseVigorous exercises pave to: * a decreased NADH/NAD+ ratio. all of the above a decreased concentration of AMP. decreased levels of fructose 2,6- bisphosphate. increased oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 and water. an increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate.Which of the following statements is TRUE, regarding a period of constant moderate- intensity exercise? More that one statement is TRUE. The increase in Respiratory Exchange Ratio occurring at the beginning of a period of moderate-intensity exercise, reflects the increase in metabolic rate. The decrease in Respiratory Exchange Ratio that can occur during a period of moderate-intensity exercise, reflects the decreased availability of metabolic fuels. O If exercise is continued, at a constant moderate-intensity, metabolism may adjust to increase the proportion of carbohydrate and decrease the proportion of lipid, used as metabolic fuel. At the onset of exercise, the increase in metabolic demand is fueled by an increase in Lipid metabolism. At the onset of exercise, the increase in metabolic demand is fueled by "anaerobic" metabolism. Measured Oxygen consumption underestimates true metabolic rate. The products of anaerobic metabolism generated at the beginning of a period of exercise, are…
- Muscles may become hypoxic during the early stages of exercise, causing lactate to build up. a) Describe in detail how a lack of oxygen might cause lactate to build up in the muscles. b) Explain how lactate (typically thought of as a waste product) may be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.Identify the two components of the nitrogenase complex and describe their specific tasks.explain the role adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) and adenosine di phosphate (ADP), play in producing anaerobic and aerobic energy within the body. Identify how much ATP is produced following anaerobic and aerobic metabolism.
- Provide a general explanation to a patient on the advantages of aerobic fitness in terms of ATP production.The number of calories used during physical exercise is greater than the number of calories used for the movements themselves. This may be caused in part by exercise-induced expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in subcutaneous fat. Subcutaneous fat is mostly white fat cells but can also contain brown fat cells in mice and humans. As part of a thermogenesis program, UCP1 directly reduces the proton gradient driving oxidative phosphorylation. UCP1 expression is a characteristic of brown fat cells only and is induced by the protein irisin. The data in Table 1 address the relationship between exercise and: in both wild-type mice and mice with overexpression skeletal muscle PGC-1a (a transcription factor whose expression in skeletal muscle is induced by exercise). Table 1 Effects of Exercise and PGC-1a on UCP1, FNDC5, Irisin, and Adiponectin • expression of UCP1 in subcutaneous fat cells, • expression of FNDC5 (a transmembrane protein in skeletal muscle plasma membranes), • blood…The number of calories used during physical exercise is greater than the number of calories used for the movements themselves. This may be caused in part by exercise-induced expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in subcutaneous fat. Subcutaneous fat is mostly white fat cells but can also contain brown fat cells in mice and humans. As part of a thermogenesis program, UCP1 directly reduces the proton gradient driving oxidative phosphorylation. UCP1 expression is a characteristic of brown fat cells only and is induced by the protein irisin. The data in Table 1 address the relationship between exercise and: in both wild-type mice and mice with overexpression skeletal muscle PGC-1a (a transcription factor whose expression in skeletal muscle is induced by exercise). Table 1 • expression of UCP1 in subcutaneous fat cells, • expression of FNDC5 (a transmembrane protein in skeletal muscle plasma membranes), • blood levels of irisin (a soluble protein formed by cleaving the extracellular…