Correlation The historical rates of return for two companies XYZ and MNP are given below. a. Find correlation between returns of the two companies. b. What can you conclude about strength and direction of the two stocks' co- movements? Year XYZ MNP 1 40.00% 40.00% 2 -10.00% 15.00% 3 35.00% - 5.00% 4 - 5.00% -10.00% 5 15.00%
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Financial Ratios
A Ratio refers to a figure calculated as a reference to the relationship of two or more numbers and can be expressed as a fraction, proportion, percentage, or the number of times. When the number is determined by taking two accounting numbers derived from the financial statements, it is termed as the accounting ratio.
Return on Equity
The Return on Equity (RoE) is a measure of the profitability of a business concerning the funds by its stockholders/shareholders. ROE is a metric used generally to determine how well the company utilizes its funds provided by the equity shareholders.
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- Beta of stocks of Company SSAL is 1.2, company ABL is 0.9 and Company DSTL is 1. Which amongst the three companies would have higher return on Investment a.Company SSAL b.Company ABL c.Company DSTL d. The return on all three companies would be sameCovariance and Correlation The following table shows the expected returns from six different stocks in three different states of the economy: State of Economy Probability Return Stock A Return Stock B Return Stock C Return Stock D Return Stock E Return Stock F Growth 0.25 31% 3% 15% 21% 0% 18% Status Quo 0.50 21% 1% 3% 7% 4% 3% Recession 0.25 20% 4% -5% -6% 6% -4% Calculate the expected return for each stock. Calculate the standard deviation for each stock. Consider of a portfolio consisting of 50% in Stock A and 50% in Stock B. Calculate the covariance between Stocks A and B. Calculate the expected return of the portfolio. Calculate the standard deviation of the portfolio. Consider of a portfolio consisting of 50% in Stock C and 50% in Stock D. Calculate the covariance between Stocks C and D. Calculate the expected return of the portfolio. Calculate the standard deviation of the portfolio.…Colonel Motors (C) Separated Edison (S) Expected Return 10% 8% Standard Deviation 6% 3% Please represent graphically all potential combinations of stocks C and S, if the correlation coefficient between the returns of stocks C and S is: A) 1 B) 0 C) -1 Please report these investment opportunity sets in the corresponding Excel sheets.
- Covariance and Correlation The following table shows the expected returns from six different stocks in three different states of the economy: State of Economy Probability Return Stock A Return Stock B Return Stock C Return Stock D Return Stock E Return Stock F Growth 0.25 31% 3% 15% 21% 0% 18% Status Quo 0.50 21% 1% 3% 7% 4% 3% Recession 0.25 20% 4% -5% -6% 6% -4% Consider of a portfolio consisting of 50% in Stock E and 50% in Stock F. Calculate the covariance between Stocks E and F. Calculate the expected return of the portfolio. Calculate the standard deviation of the portfolio.Characteristic Line and Security Market Line You are given the following set of data: Historical Rates of Return Year NYSE Stock X 1 -26.5% -11.0% 2 37.2 25.0 3 23.8 13.5 4 -7.2 2.0 5 6.6 11.1 20.5 18.5 7 30.6 19.0 a. Use a spreadsheet (or a calculator with a linear regression function) to determine Stock X's beta coefficient. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. b. Determine the arithmetic average rates of return for Stock X and the NYSE over the period given. Calculate the standard deviations of returns for both Stock X and the NYSE. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Stock X NYSE Average return, FAvg % % Standard deviation, ơ %Question No. 5: A rates of return of asset and market have the following distribution: Steady of Economy Probability Stock A Stock B Market Return Boom 0.3 20% 15% 15% Normal 0.4 5 5% 9 Recession 0.3 12 -10% 18 Correlation Coefficient with market -0.3 0.3 Calculate the standard deviation of return for the stock A,B and market. Calculate Beta Coefficient of stock A and B. Calculate the required rate of return of stock A & B, if you know the risk-free return 6% and market return represents expected return of market.
- d. How would you characterize the correlation of returns of the two stocks L and M? Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 "L 14% 14% 16% 17% 17% 19% ™M 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% Correlation coefficient, PLMProblems BETA COEFFICIENTS AND RATES OF RETURN You are given the following set of data: 8A-1 Historical Rates of Return (r) Stock Y(F,) NYSE (F.) Year 1 3.0% 4.0% 18.2 14.3 9.1 19.0 (6.0) (14.7) (15.3) (26.5) 33.1 37.2 7 6.1 23.8 3.2 (7.2) 9. 14.8 6.6 10 24.1 20.5 11 18.0 30.6 Mean 9.8% 9.8% 13.8 19.6 d. Suppose the regression line had been downward sloping and the beta coefficient had been negative. What would this imply about (1) Stock Y's relative riskiness and (2) its probable risk premium? e. Construct an illustrative probability distribution graph of returns (see Figure 8.3) for portfolios consisting of (1) only Stock Y, (2) 1% each of 100 stocks with beta coefficients similar to that of Stock Y, and (3) all stocks (i.e., the distribution of returns on the market). Use as the expected rate of return the arithmetic mean as given previously for both Stock Y and the market, and assume that the distributions are normal. Are the expected returns "reasonable"; that is, is it reasonable…Remember, the expected value of a probability distribution is a statistical measure of the average (mean) value expected to occur during all possible circumstances. To compute an asset's expected return under a range of possible circumstances (or states of nature), multiply the anticipated return expected to result during each state of nature by its probability of occurrence. Consider the following case: Aaron owns a two-stock portfolio that invests in Blue Liama Mining Company (BLM) and Hungry Whale Energy (HWE). Three-quarters of Aaron's portfolio value consists of BLM's shares, and the balance consists of HWE's shares. Each stock's expected return for the next year will depend on forecasted market conditions. The expected returns from the stocks in different market conditions are detailed in the following table: Market Condition Probability of Occurrence 20% 35% 45% Strong Normal Weak Blue Llama Mining Hungry Whale Energy, 10% 14% 6% -8% 8% -10% Calculate expected returns for the…
- Problems BETA COEFFICIENTS AND RATES OF RETURN You are given the following set of data: 8A-1 Historical Rates of Return (7) Year Stock Y(F,) NYSE (r.) 1 3.0% 4.0% 2 18.2 14.3 9.1 19.0 4 (6.0) (14.7) 5 (15.3) (26.5) 33.1 37.2 6.1 23.8 3.2 (7.2) 14.8 6.6 10 24.1 20.5 11 18.0 30.6 Mean 9.8% 9.8% 13.8 19.6 a. Construct a scatter diagram graph (on graph paper) showing the rela- tionship between returns on Stock Y and the market, as shown in Figure 8A.1; then draw a freehand approximation of the regression line. What is the approximate value of the beta coefficient? (If you have a calculator with statistical functions, use it to calculate beta.) b. Give a verbal interpretation of what the regression line and the beta coefficient show about Stock Y's volatility and relative riskiness as compared with other stocks. c. Suppose the scatter of points had been more spread out, but the regression line was exactly where your present graph shows it. How would this affect (1) the firm's risk if the…Calculate the covariance between the following assets [6] State of the world Probability (Pi) Return for stock A Return for Stock B Expansion 0.25 32% 5% Normal 0.50 14% 15% Recession 0.25 4% 25%Consider the following information: State of Economy Probability of State of Economy Rate of Return if State Occurs Stock A Stock B Recession 0.30 0.05-0.15 Normal 0.55 0.15 0.15 Boom 0.15 0.20 0.35 Calculate the expected return for the two stocks.