Consider the following options A to E. Each option relates to an individual firm operating under a certain market structure. OPTION Marginal Average Average Marginal cost cost 10 10 12 9 15 18 14 20 A B C D E 9 25 revenue 10 12 20 20 20 revenue 10 12 15 14 10 (i) Which option indicates a short run equilibrium output for a profit maximising monopolist? (ii)Write down ALL the options that indicate that a firm is making excess profits. 114 (iii) Write down ALL the options that indicate that the firm could expand its output and increase its profits? (iv) Write down ALL the options which could correspond to a firm operating in a perfectly competitive environment.
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- The global pandemic 2020 has promoted a race to capture the market for introducing effective vaccine and treatments. a. If PFIZER is the sole vaccine provider given the following information, answer the questions below: Output Price/Unit Total Cost 1 5500 1000 2 5000 1200 3 4500 1500 4 4000 2500 5 3500 4000 6 3000 5700 7 2500 7500 8 2000 9400 9 1500 11400 10 1000 13500 Given the tabular information above find the profit-maximizing output and price also illustrate the same using the two-dimensional labeled diagram. Show the calculation as well. b. Assume if many firms enter into the business of providing vaccine determine: How the demand curve of PFIZER would change and how it would now maximize its profit? The kind of market structure now PFIZER…Suppose a monopoly market has a demand function in whichquantity demanded depends not only on market price (P) butalso on the amount of advertising the firm does (A, measuredin dollars). The specific form of this function isQ =(20 - P2) (1 + 0.1A - 0.01A2).The monopolistic firm’s cost function is given byC = 10Q + 15 + A.a. Suppose there is no advertising (A = 0). What outputwill the profit-maximizing firm choose? What market price will this yield? What will be the monopoly’sprofits?b. Now let the firm also choose its optimal level of advertising expenditure. In this situation, what output levelwill be chosen? What price will this yield? What will thelevel of advertising be? What are the firm’s profits in thiscase? Hint: This can be worked out most easily by assuming the monopoly chooses the profit-maximizing pricerather than quantity.The following graph depicts the costs incurred by a Local egg seller, Rahim. Rahim is faced with strong competitors who are selling exactly the same product. Use the graph to answer the following questions- Price/Cost per egg MC 12 ATC MR3 AVC MR2 MR1 Quantity 100 200 300 400 a)lf the market price per egg is 8tk, in order to maximize profit how many eggs does Rahim sell? b)lf the price stays at 8tk, what happens in the long run? choose from the following options. option 1: Rahim stops selling eggs. option 2 : New firms enter into the egg market option 3: all existing sellers suffer from an economic loss. c)lf the price falls down to 3tk price, which of the following option does Rahim have in short run? option1: Temporarily shutting down the business business option 2 : staying in generating no profit option 3: indifferent between staying in and going Out of the market. but
- Price Quantity Total Cost $25.00 0 $130 $24.00 10 $275 $23.00 20 $435 $22.50 30 $610 $22.00 40 $800 $21.60 50 $1,005 $21.20 60 $1,225 Sharon's Day Spa began to offer a relaxing aromatherapy treatment. The firm asks you how much to charge to maximize profits. The demand curve for the treatment is given by the first two columns in the table above. The total costs are provided in the third column. For each level of output, calculate total revenue, marginal revenue, average cost, and marginal cost. What is the profit-maximizing level of output for the treatments and how much will the firm earn in profits?17 of 16 BNW is one of many producers of luxury wheelchairs, which are differentiated to appeal to different market niches. BNW's Price per chair relevant demand and cost curves are depicted in the graph. $2,000 Average total Use this graph to answer the questions. Assume that there are 1,800 Marginal cost no significant barriers to entry. cost 1,600 Determine BNW's profit-maximizing price and quantity. 1,400 1,200 1,000 price per chair: $ 800 600 400 quantity of chairs: chairs 200 Demand Marginal revenue 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Calculate BNW's profit. Chairs per week BNW's profit: $The following graph depicts the costs incurred by a Local egg seller, Rahim. Rahim is faced with strong competitors who are selling exactly the same product. Use the graph to answer the following questions- Price/Cost per egg MC 12 ATC 8 MR3 AVC 6. MR2 MR1 Quantity 100 200 300 400 a)At what price will Rahim try to minimize loss by selling eggs in the market? b)At what price will there be a break-even point?
- The SolarFarm powerplant has both fixed and variable costs. As the plant expands production, it first has constant returns to scale, and then diminishing returns to scale.(a) Draw a large graph showing (only) the firm’s marginal costs and average total costs in a suitably labelled graph. Show on the graph where the firm’s technology changes from constant-returns to diminishing-returns.SolarFarm is a monopolist with a downward sloping demand curve. Add to your graph a demand and marginal revenue curve. Assume that the demand curve intercepts the average cost curve at its minimum point. Show the quantity and price of electricity in this market.The SolarFarm powerplant has both fixed and variable costs. As the plant expands production, it first has constant returns to scale, and then diminishing returns to scale. (a) Draw a large graph showing (only) the firm’s marginal costs and average total costs in a suitably labelled graph. Show on the graph where the firm’s technology changes from constant-returns to diminishing-returns. SolarFarm is a monopolist with a downward sloping demand curve. Add to your graph a demand and marginal revenue curve. Assume that the demand curve intercepts the average cost curve at its minimum point. Show the quantity and price of electricity in this market. (b) The government connects SolarFarm to a nearby town that is currently without electricity. Show in a new, large, graph how the market price and quantity of electricity sold change as a result. (c) Return to the situation in part (a) of this question. The government discovers a new technology that would allow SolarFarm to never experience…The SolarFarm powerplant has both fixed and variable costs. As the plant expands production, it first has constant returns to scale, and then diminishing returns to scale. (a) Draw a large graph showing (only) the firm’s marginal costs and average total costs in a suitably labelled graph. Show on the graph where the firm’s technology changes from constant-returns to diminishing-returns. SolarFarm is a monopolist with a downward sloping demand curve. Add to your graph a demand and marginal revenue curve. Assume that the demand curve intercepts the average cost curve at its minimum point. Show the quantity and price of electricity in this market. (b) The government connects SolarFarm to a nearby town that is currently without electricity. Show in a new, large, graph how the market price and quantity of electricity sold change as a result. (c) Return to the situation in part (a) of this question. The government discovers a new technology that would allow SolarFarm to never experience…
- The SolarFarm powerplant has both fixed and variable costs. As the plant expands production, it first has constant returns to scale, and then diminishing returns to scale. (a) Draw a large graph showing (only) the firm’s marginal costs and average total costs in a suitably labelled graph. Show on the graph where the firm’s technology changes from constant-returns to diminishing-returns. SolarFarm is a monopolist with a downward sloping demand curve. Add to your graph a demand and marginal revenue curve. Assume that the demand curve intercepts the average cost curve at its minimum point. Show the quantity and price of electricity in this market. (b) The government connects SolarFarm to a nearby town that is currently without electricity. Show in a new, large, graph how the market price and quantity of electricity sold change as a result. (c) Return to the situation in part (a) of this question. The government discovers a new technology that would allow SolarFarm to never experience…Exercise A.3 Compare the competitive equilibrium with that of the first-degree price discriminating monopolist. Indicate the similarities and differences that exist in prices, quantities produced, consumer surplus and loss of efficiency between both situations. Represent graphically assuming that the marginal cost is constantConsider a quantity-setting duopoly. The two firms are Alpha, Ltd. and Beta, Inc. The demand schedulein this market is:p Qd180 150155 175130 200Each firm has a constant marginal cost of 30 per unit. Suppose each firm can choose to produce either 75units or 100 units. Firms make their quantity choices simultaneously and the market price is whatever itneeds to be to sell the total output in the market.(a) Draw up the normal form game matrix, showing the players, strategies, and payoffs. Show your workdetermining the profits in each box in the matrix.(b) Determine the Nash equilibrium of this game.(c) Suppose the firms were able to come to an agreement to make more profit. What would this agreementbe?(d) Explain how the government might respond to such an agreement and why