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- A market research firm has agreed, for a fee, to analyse the demand for the start-up's product and issue a report predicting whether the new start-up will be a success or a failure before the venture capitalist can make his investment decision. a) Assuming the VC is risk-neutral, what is the maximum amount it should pay for the market research? Assume that the market research's prediction is correct. b) What are the risk profiles associated with the venture capitalist's investment decision when he uses the market research with perfect predictions? How are these risk profiles compared to the risk profiles when the venture capitalist does not use the market research? Why?Sometimes it is possible for a company to influencethe uncertain outcomes in a favorable direction.Suppose Acme could, by an early marketing blitz,change the probabilities of “great,” “fair,” and “awful”from their current values to 0.75, 0.15, and 0.10. Interms of EMV, how much would the company bewilling to pay for such a blitz?You are planning to rent a car for a one-week vacation. You have the option of buying an insurance that costs $80 dollars for a week. If you do not purchase insurance, you would be personally liable for any damages. You anticipate that a minor collision will cost $2,000, whereas a major accident might cost $16,000 in repairs. Develop a payoff table for this situation. What decision should you make using each strategy? Aggressive (Optimistic) Conservative (Pessimistic) Opportunity Loss You have recently read in a magazine that that the probability of a major accident is 0.05% and that the probability of a minor collision is 0.18%. Construct a decision tree and identify the best expected value decision.
- Noda plc (‘Noda’) is a large company which your firm has justaccepted as a new client. You are the audit manager for Nodaand are planning the audit for the year ended 31 December20XY. The principal activity of the company is the manufactureand sale of mobile phones and associated software. Noda isbased in the UK but manufactures phones in China andsells its product all over the world.You are conducting initial planning and risk assessment workand have discovered the following information:i. Draft Figures for the Year Ended 31 December 20XYManagement accounts indicate that the revenue for the yearhas fallen by 25% compared with the previous year followingconcerns that Noda is using an operating system for its phonesthat is unpopular with customers. Noda has entered into acontract with the operating system supplier that lasts foranother two years. Withdrawal from the contract could meanthat Noda would have to make significant penalty payments tothe operating system supplier.ii.…1/ Explain why all investors should choose the same risky portfolio from the efficient set. 2/ Identify on the CML two investors; one who is risk averse and one who is notWhich of the following are important to investors evaluating direct participation programs? I. The economic soundness of the program II. The expertise of the general partner III. The basic objectives of the program IV. The start-up costs A I, II, and IV B I, II, and III C I, II, III, and IV D II, III, and IV
- Wired & Plugged specializes in manufacturing modern electronic components. It also builds equipment that produces the components. The marketing and production directors advised the president about a proposed manufacturing facility in the form of a payoff table as shown. Decision Profits($) Strong Marked Fair Market Poor Market Large-sized facility Medium-sized facility Small- sized facility No facility 450,000 2500,000 350,000 0 220,000 150,000 150,000 0 -310,000 -250,000 -80,000 0 What decision should be made using the LaPlace criterion?Given the following payoff table with the profits ($m), a firm might expect alternative investments (A, B, C) under different levels of interest rate. (attached) Assume now that the payoffs are costs answer the following: (a) Using an optimistic approach (maximax), which option would you choose? (b) Using a pessimistic approach (maximin), which option would you choose?(c) If you are a LaPlace decision maker, which option would you choose? (d) If you are a Hurwicz decision maker, which option would you choose with α = 0.2?(e) Using a minimax regret approach, which option would you choose?(f) Using the same probabilities of 0.35, 0.3, and 0.35 for possible interest levels 1, 2, 3 respectively, which decision alternative will minimise the expected cost? What is the expected annual cost associated with that recommendation? g) What is the most the firm should be willing to pay to obtain further (perfect) information (EVPI)? h) Use the alternative method to verify EVPIScenario Your corporation has just approved an 8-year expansion plan to grow its market share. The plan requires an influx of cash in each of the 8 years. Management wants to develop a financial plan to ensure the cash needed for the expansion will be available at the beginning of each of the 8 years. The corporation has the following investment options: Security Price per unit Return Rate (%) Years to Maturity 1 $1,200 10.255 5 2 $1,000 6.7550 6 3 $1,175 12.110 7 Savings Account 5.500 Each unit of security 1, 2, and 3 guarantees to pay $1,000 at maturity. Investments in these securities must take place only at the beginning of year 1 and will be held until maturity. Any funds not invested in securities will be invested in a savings account that pays the annual interest rates noted above. The following table summarizes the cash needs for the expansion plan for each of the 8 years: Year 1 = $250,000 Year 5 = $295,000…
- Noda plc (‘Noda’) is a large company which your firm has justaccepted as a new client. You are the audit manager for Nodaand are planning the audit for the year ended 31 December20XY. The principal activity of the company is the manufactureand sale of mobile phones and associated software. Noda isbased in the UK but manufactures the phones in China andsells its product all over the world.You are conducting initial planning and risk assessment workand have discovered the following information:i. Draft Figures for the Year Ended 31 December 20XYManagement accounts indicate that the revenue for the yearhas fallen by 25% compared with the previous year followingconcerns that Noda is using an operating system for its phonesthat is unpopular with customers. Noda has entered into acontract with the operating system supplier that lasts foranother two years. Withdrawal from the contract could meanthat Noda would have to make significant penalty payments tothe operating system supplier.ii.…1. If today stock is trading for $60 a share. You are confident that the stock price will experience a change in the value of over 30% relative to the current price in either upward or downward direction over the course of next year. Today you decide to transact in either one or two stocks maturing in one year. The strike price of both options is $60 a share. The call option premium is $6 and put option premium is $5. Given this information and your belief, you should _______. a. buy 2 calls b. buy 1 call and sell 1 put c. sell 1 call and 1 sell put d. buy 1 call and buy 1 put e. sell 2 puts Please explain1.Discuss the attractiveness of Treynor Black methodology to an investor in developed market large and medium cap equities? 2. The stock market falls by 33 percent in one day: is this necessarily inconsistent with the market hypothesis? Explain your reasoning 3. New information hits a company share such that the share price rises from 100 pence to 120 pence and then the share price rises gradually over the following 6 months to 150 pence despite any further news. Is this evidence of market efficiency? Explain your reasoning.