What are the differences between Message switching and Packet Switching?
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: a) What are the differences between Message switching and Packet
Switching? (10)
- b) Consider a network 192.168.0.0/24.
Specify the 04 subnetworks of the aforementioned network with complete details of each network.
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- 2. The following illustration shows a transmission from Host A to Host B using Network Address Translation (NAT). Host A is located inside a Local Area Network (LAN) with an IP address of 192.168.1.2. The LAN is connected to the Wide Area Network (WAN), i.e. the Internet, through a router R1 that conducts NAT. R1 has two interfaces with an internal LAN IP address (192.168.1.1) and and external WAN IP address (127.45.10.35). Host B is located outside the LAN and is a well-known server, e.g., Google's server. Host B has an IP address of 130.160.23.45. Port numbers for the application components running at both hosts are provided in the figure. For a single message M1 being sent from Host A to Host B, please fill in the blanks in the illustration below with the source IP address and Port number at Host A and at the Router R1. Any information not provided may be assumed, however, please state your assumption clearly. Host A Local Area Network (LAN) IP: 192.168.1.2 Port: 5252 Source IP…Q.1.1 Using a computer networks to perform an application, many pieces come togetherto assist in the operation. A network architecture or communication model placesthe appropriate network pieces in layers.i. List the TCP/ IP protocol suite layer(s) that performs each of the followingfunctions:a. Data compression;b. Multiplexing;c. Routing;d. Definition of a signal’s electrical characteristics. ii. The layers of the TCP/ IP protocol suite and OSI are different. Which layersare “missing” from the TCP/ IP suite? Are they really missing? iii. If the data link layer provides error checking, and the transport layer provideserror checking, is this not redundant? Explain your answer. iv. Similarly, the data‐link layer provides flow control, and the transport layerprovides flow control. Are these different forms of flow control? Explain youranswer.3. 15. An entry in the switching table of a virtual-circuit network is normally created during the setup phase and deleted during the teardown phase. In other words, the entries in this type of network reflect the current connections, the activity in the network. In contrast, the entries in a routing table of a datagram network do not depend on the current connections; they show the configuration of the network and how any packet should be routed to a final destination. The entries may remain the same even if there is no activity in the network. The routing tables, however, are updated if there are changes in the network. Can you explain the reason for these two different characteristics? Can we say that a virtual-circuit is a connection-oriented network and a datagram network is a connectionless network because of the above characteristics?
- Computer Networks - Internet Architecture & Application Layer Please answer the question Someone suggested to use a local file called hosts.txt on each machine instead of DNS. Discuss the advantages (at least 2) and disadvantages (at least 2) of such suggestion. What is ‘saw-tooth’ behavior in TCP, and what is causing it?(a) There are total such subnet can have number of /17 subnets from a /11 service provider. Each of _number of hosts. (b) A network mask for an IP address in a 19 subnet has a binary representation which corresponds to an integer representation (e.g., a.b.c.d) (c) matched with _(source or destination – choose one) IP address from an IP packet is being _in a forwarding table at a router to forward packet to the next hop. (d) A distance vector routing algorithm assumes that each node know or knows – choose one) a complete network topology but (knows or does not know - choose one) (does not link cost to its neighbors. (e) An ARP Table is updated when a new node sends a frame with (what?). address to (what?). _nodes in a subnet.19. ARP is used for: O packet path determination O finding of a mapping IPV6 → MAC address O finding of a mapping IPV4 → MAC address O finding of a mapping IPV4 → TCP address
- 1. Determine whether the following statements are true or false. a) A larger frequency of a sine wave leads to a larger wavelength. Answer: b) In a packet switching network, the packets can arrive out of sequence. Answer: c) The internet layer of the TCP/IP architecture is implemented not only in the end systems but also in the routers. Answer: d) Transmitter converts data into signal suitable for transmission media. Answer: e) Flow control is a task of application layer. Answer: f) Amplitude shift keying is less susceptible to error than binary frequency shift keying. Answer:A router with IP address 125.45.23.12 and Ethernet physical address 23:45:AB:4F:67:CD has received a packet for a host destination with IP address 125.11.78.10 and Ethernet phys-ical address AA:BB:A2:4F:67:CD. (I) Show the entries (a, b, c, d, e in Figure 1(a)) in the ARP request packet sent by therouter. Assume no subnetting. (II) The packet made in part (I) is encapsulated in a data link frame. Fill in the fields fand g in Figure 1(a). (III) Show the entries (h, i, j, k, l in Figure 1(b)) in the ARP reply packet sent in responseto part (I). (IV) The packet in part (III) is encapsulated in a data link frame. Fill in the fields m andn.A router receives a packet with destination address IP: 201.10.64.199 (please refer to the table attached to find the IP address) Show how it finds the network and the subnetwork address to route the packet. Assume the number of subnetwork required is four.
- 1. A router receives a packet with destination address (222.186.114.16) Show how it finds the network and the subnetwork address to route the packet. Assume the number of subnetwork required is four6.) Every computer or internet-connected device has an IP address. (a) Originally IP addresses consisted of 32 binary digits, known as bits, each of which can be 0 or 1. How many such IP addresses are possible? (b) As all the available IP addresses were getting used up, a new system was devised with 128 bits. How many IP addresses are possible under this new system?8. Which one is correct for OSI protocol? a. OSI Model is the first developed protocol architecture. b. Protocols are used for communicating with upper and lower layer. c. There are 4 services used for communicating for the same layers in different systems d. It provides layers to be independent from each other. e. OSI Model consists of five different layers. 9. What is the difference between the TCP and UDP? a. TCP is compatible with C, while UDP is not There are no differences b. C. UDP and TCP waits for incoming connection and accepts it when it comes d. TCP is connection-oriented, while UDP is not e. UDP is reliable, while TCP is not 10. Wireshark is not used for which of the following? a. Detecting errors in applied protocols b. Troubleshooting network problems c. Applying security algorithm to data d. Learning the content of the network protocol Testing security e. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8