Cocaine (C₁₇H₂₁O₄N) is a natural substance found in cocaleaves, which have been used for centuries as a local anestheticand stimulant. Illegal cocaine arrives in the United States eitheras the pure compound or as the hydrochloride salt(C₁₇H₂₁O₄NHCl). At 25C, the salt is very soluble in water(2.50 kg/L), but cocaine is much less so (1.70 g/L). (a) Whatis the maximum amount (in g) of the salt that can dissolve in50.0 mL of water? (b) If the solution in part (a) is treated withNaOH, the salt is converted to cocaine. How much additionalwater (in L) is needed to dissolve it?
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Cocaine (C₁₇H₂₁O₄N) is a natural substance found in cocaleaves, which have been used for centuries as a local anestheticand stimulant. Illegal cocaine arrives in the United States eitheras the pure compound or as the hydrochloride salt(C₁₇H₂₁O₄NHCl). At 25C, the salt is very soluble in water(2.50 kg/L), but cocaine is much less so (1.70 g/L). (a) Whatis the maximum amount (in g) of the salt that can dissolve in50.0 mL of water? (b) If the solution in part (a) is treated withNaOH, the salt is converted to cocaine. How much additionalwater (in L) is needed to dissolve it?
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