Classify these variations as to "species characteristics" or "individual characteristics". a. Thorns in the stalk of the rose flower b. Body size of ants c. Color of apple skin d. Color mosaic in San Francisco leaf e. Number of body segments in worm

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A:

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Animal Phylogeny

Cladistics is a method of biological classification where organisms are classified based on their ancestors and their relationship with them. It is defined as the concepts and methods for determining the branching patterns of evolution and evolutionary history. Some scientists, however, have preferred the term phylogenetic systematics or phylogenetic taxonomy to emphasize the reliance on a phylogeny for classification. It is the most common and accepted method for classifying organisms.