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- Variations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.A somatic cell has the genotype DdEe. All chromosomes in this organism are metacentric. Show metaphase and the results of mitosis if the D and E locus are linked on the same chromosome in trans configuration. A sexually reproducing organism has the following phenotype DdEeAaTt: The D and E loci are on the same arm of a metacentric chromosome in cis configuration. The A locus is on the long arm of an acrocentric chromosome and the T locus is on a telocentric chromosome. 2.1. What is the haploid number of this organism? 2.2. Using diagrams show a ceii at metaphase of mitosis and show the results of mitosis.Rice has a chromosome number of 2n = 24. If different aneuploids are available in rice, identifythe specific aneuploidy that shows the following chromosomal configurations at diakinesis ormetaphase I. Also provide the formula and chromosome number of the different aneuploids. Complete the table. Chromosome configuration at diakinesis or metaphase I Specific Type of Aneuploidy Formula (e.g. 2n+1) Chromosome number (2n=24) Types of gametes n, n+1, n+2, n-1, n-2) a. 1 III + 11 II b. 1 IV + 11 II c. 1 I + 11 II d. 11 II e. 2 I + 10 II
- In a germline progenitor cell before DNA replication (2N), a translocation occurred between a telocentric and submetacentric chromosome resulting in a translocation heterozygote. The location of the translocation is illustrated below. Draw the Prophase I pairing conformation that would result from this translocation. The four types of chromosomes you have now can be labeled as follows: T-WT (telocentric wild type), T-TL (telocentric translocation), SM-WT (submetacentric wild type), and SM-TL (submetacentric translocation). Using these labels, list (please do not draw) the possible outcomes of Anaphase I and the possible phenotypes for each outcome. Please explain your reasoning for each phenotype in a few words. asapEukaryotic chromosomes contain two general types of organization that relate to the degree of condensation. Different parts of the chromosomes have different levels of condensation during interphase. Which of the following eukaryotic chromosome structures would be the least likely to contain actively transcribed genes? Oeuchromatin 10-nm fiber Onucleolus centromereColchicine is a chemical mutagen that inhibits the spindle formation and prevents anaphase, which retains the cell’s single restitution nucleus (doubled chromosome number). Suppose that an onion (2n=16) is subjected to three consecutive rounds of colchicine treatment, what will be the resulting chromosome number of the treated onion?
- ARVC5 is a disorder characterized by the replacement of healthy heart tissue with fatty fibrous tissue. Recent research has discovered the mutated gene that causes the disorder is on chromosome 3. People who have the mutation have a GCG triplet instead of the normal ACA triplet. The following is a section of a gene on chromosome 3: GGT GCG ACA ATT 1. Complete the following table. AA DNA sense strand DNA antisense strand GGT GCG ACA ATT mRNA tRNA 2. Indicate the change in the amino acid sequence resulting from the mutation in the gene described above., B I 123 ||| 14 E GO LG US X₂ x²Changes in Chromosome Structure and Number An inversion heterozygote has homologous chromosomes with the following linkage arrangements:³ b • а b e a. What type of inversion is it? b. Draw the configuration of the chromosomes at synapsis of Prophase I. a с f d e d f с g c. If a four-strand double crossover occurs in the areas c-d (including chromatids 2 and 3) and e-f (including chromatids 1 and 4), what are the meiotic products? d. Repeat for a three-strand double crossover c-d (chromatids 2 and 3), and f-g (chromatids 1 and 3). e. For both types of double crossovers will any of the meiotic products be viable? If so which?Considering the following chromosome which is represented as a series of genes on each arm separated by the centromere. Describe the type of mutation required to produce each of the mutant chromosomes below. ABCDEFG*HIJKLMN
- Referring to image of chromosome 16 below, indicate the exact location of the genes labeled a-k:Two nonhomologous chromosomes have the following segments, where * represents the centromere: *ABCDEFG , *RSTUVWX. Name the type of chromosomal rearrangements that would produce each of the following chromosomes. *ABABCDEFG , *ABCD , GFEDCBA*RSTUVWX , *RSWVUTX , *ABCWX , *RSTUVDEFG . Which of these types of abnormalities are most likely embryonic lethal and which ones are not usually a problem for the individual carrying them? Briefly explain why.The following diagram represents two nonhomologous chromosomes: A B • C D E F G R S • T U V W X What type of chromosome mutation would produce of the following groups of chromosomes? Q.A B • T U V F G R S • C D E W X