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12/ cell determination is the expression of the cell's specialized role
true or false
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Solved in 2 steps
- (Q) During M-phase of cell cycle, active M-Cdk phosphorylates several target proteins in order to regulate their activities. Identify TWO specific examples of such target proteins that are phosphorylated by active M-Cdk, and explain how each of them affects the cell (i.e. their respective biological significance). i) target protein phosphorylated: _______________________________ Biological Significance: ii) target protein phosphorylated: _______________________________ Biological Significance:MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history of increasing shortness of breath and cough and mild/moderate pain in left side. She was diagnosed with infiltrating intraductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast 5 years ago; at that time, ER(-)/ PR(-); her-2/neu(+); p53(+); staged as having T3N1M0, stage IIIA, high-risk breast cancer. She underwent a modified radical mastectomy with axillary node dissection followed by 6 cycles of CMF chemotherapy. Her mother and sister also had a history of breast cancer. Past Medical History Gravida 4, para 4; menses onset age 13; HTN x 10 years; Type 2 DM x 8 years; breast CA described above; remained disease free until present follow up. Past Surgical History: Left modified radical mastectomy 5 years ago; cholecystectomy 14 years ago. Medications: Glyburide, 5mg PO BID Verapamil SR, 240mg PO daily Furosemide, 40mg PO daily Allergies: NKDA Physical Examination: GEN: Well-developed, obese woman in no…Match the protein on the left with its primary role on the right PINK LAMP2A BCL2 ATF6 [Choose] [Choose] promoting UPR promoting apoptosis inhibiting autophagy inhibiting UPR inhibiting apoptosis mitophagy nonselective autophagy chaperone mediate autophagy [Choose]
- The cell cycle is typically thought of as having four stages. Describe the stages of the cell cycle and identify the mechanism(s) involved in progressing or not progressing through the stages with reference to proteins and signalling processes involved. Please keep brief - 10 sentences/dot points max.determine which statements is either tumor supressor or proto oncogeneRelate histopath criteria of cancer (unifrom population of pleimorphic cells, variable cytoplasmic nuclear ratio, multiple/bizarre nucleoli and frequent/bizarre mitotic figures) to H nana cell cycle & chromosomal instability. To answer the question, analyze the image attached and discuss how many of the mutations in cancer affect the normal regulation of the cell cycle, particularly the G2 checkpoint where mutations are supposed to be caught and not passed on.
- Match the factor on the left with what it promotes on the right Mitogen Morphogen Death ligand [Choose] [Choose] Extrinsic Apoptosis Intrinsic Apoptosis Cell Survival Proliferation Differentiation TCHOUSET <Match the following terms with their definition. Note that some of the terms will not be used. 1. S phase 2. Oncogene 3. G0 phase 4. Cyclin 5. Metaphase checkpoint 6. G2 phase 7. G1 checkpoint 8. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9. Mitosis ______The stage a cell is in if it is not going to divide ______The part of the cell cycle during which newly replicated DNA is checked for mistakes ______The part of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs ______An enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other proteins only when it is bound to another protein ______A protein that is present at high levels only during certain times of the cell cycle _____Point at which the cell dies if all the chromosomes are not correctly attached to the mitotic spindleCancer cells typically lose cell cycle entry control. Explain how the following mutations, which are found in some cancer cells, lead to a bypass of these controls: (a) overexpression of cyclin D, (b) loss of Rb function, (c) loss of p16 function, (d) hyperactive E2F.
- List some reasons why a cell that has just completed cytokinesis might enter the G0 phase instead of the G1 phase.If the M checkpoint is not cleared, what stage of mitosis will be blocked? prophase prometaphase metaphase anaphaseA mutated gene that codes for an altered version of Cdk that is active in the absence of cyclin is a(n) ___________ . kinase inhibitor tumor suppressor gene proto-oncogene oncogene.