Case 5 P Corp, a retailer of women’s fashion accessories, contracted Sandra as their purchasing agent. The agency contract expressly stipulates that Sandra is not allowed to enter into contract in excess of $50,000.00 without first obtaining approval from P Corp. On a number of occasions, Sandra negotiated the purchase of quantities of costume jewellery from Z Inc for prices varying between $30,000 to $45,000.00. Recently, Sandra placed an order with Z Inc for goods at a price of $60,000.00 and without consulting P Corp. Z Inc did not question the order. Two weeks after, Z Inc received payment from P Corp. Sandra was reprimanded by P Corp and, again, reminded of her $50,000.00 limit. Despite the warning, Sandra placed another order of $55,000.00 from Z Inc. This time P Corp refuse to pay and demanded Z Inc to take back the goods. Issues: Is Sandra acting on actual or apparent authority? Is the principal bound by the action of the agent, Sandra? Please state your reasons

Case 5 P Corp, a retailer of women’s fashion accessories, contracted Sandra as their purchasing agent. The agency contract expressly stipulates that Sandra is not allowed to enter into contract in excess of $50,000.00 without first obtaining approval from P Corp. On a number of occasions, Sandra negotiated the purchase of quantities of costume jewellery from Z Inc for prices varying between $30,000 to $45,000.00. Recently, Sandra placed an order with Z Inc for goods at a price of $60,000.00 and without consulting P Corp. Z Inc did not question the order. Two weeks after, Z Inc received payment from P Corp. Sandra was reprimanded by P Corp and, again, reminded of her $50,000.00 limit. Despite the warning, Sandra placed another order of $55,000.00 from Z Inc. This time P Corp refuse to pay and demanded Z Inc to take back the goods. Issues: Is Sandra acting on actual or apparent authority? Is the principal bound by the action of the agent, Sandra? Please state your reasons