3. Consider a duopoly market, where two firms sell differentiated prod-ucts, which are imperfect substitutes. The market can be modelledas a static price competition game, similar to a linear city model.The two firms choose prices pi and p2 simultaneously. The deriveddemand functions for the two firms are: D, (P1, P2) = + P2-P1and D2 (P1, P2) =+ 2, where S > 0 and the parameter t > 0measures the degree of product differentiation. Both firms haveconstant marginal cost c > 0 for production.S2tS%3D2 (c) Calculate the limits of the equilibrium prices and profits as t →0. What is P;(qi, P;) as t → 0? Is it downward sloping? Ar-gue that the Bertrand Paradox (i.e., the prediction of the staticBertrand duopoly model, where pi = p% = c) holds only in the%3Dextreme case of t = 0.

The demand function for the firm 1 is given as The demand function for firm 2 is given as The…

(c) Calculate the limits of the equilibrium prices and profits as t→ 0. What is Pi(qi, Pj) as t→ 0? Is it downward sloping? Ar- gue that the Bertrand Paradox (i.e., the prediction of the static Bertrand duopoly model, where p₁ = p₁ = c) holds only in the extreme case of t = 0.

(c) Calculate the limits of the equilibrium prices and profits as t→ 0. What is Pi(qi, Pj) as t→ 0? Is it downward sloping? Ar- gue that the Bertrand Paradox (i.e., the prediction of the static Bertrand duopoly model, where p₁ = p₁ = c) holds only in the extreme case of t = 0.

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter15: Imperfect Competition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15.5P

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Consider a duopoly market, where two firms sell differentiated prod- ucts, which are imperfect substitutes. The market can be modelled as a static price competition game, similar to a linear city model. The two firms choose prices pi and p2 simultaneously. The derived demand functions for the two firms are: D1 (p1, P2) and D2 (p1, P2) = + 2, where S > 0 and the parameter t > 0 을 + S + P2-P1 2t 2t measures the degree of product differentiation. Both firms have constant marginal cost c > 0 for production. (a) Derive the Nash equilibrium of this game, including the prices, outputs and profits of the two firms.
Consider a market that only includes two large firms. The (inverse) market demand is P = 100 – Q. 3q2. Firm 1 has a cost function of C, = 2q1, and firm 2 has a cost function of C2 Use a Cournot model to calculate the Nash equilibrium outputs q, and q2 of the two firms. and 92 (a) Give each firm's profit as a function of (b) Compute the Nash equilibrium q, and q2.
Consider a duopoly market, where two firms sell differentiated prod- ucts, which are imperfect substitutes. The market can be modelled as a static price competition game, similar to a linear city model. The two firms choose prices p1 and p2 simultaneously. The derived demand functions for the two firms are: D1 (P1, P2) = + P2P1 and D2 (P1, P2) =+ 2, where S > 0 and the parameter t > 0 measures the degree of product differentiation. Both firms have constant marginal cost c > 0 for production. S 2t S (a) Derive the Nash equilibrium of this game, including the prices, outputs and profits of the two firms. Pj-Pi derive (b) From the demand functions, q; = D; (pi, Pj) = the residual inverse demand functions: p; = P:(qi, P¡) (work out P;(qi, P;)). Show that for t > 0, P;(4;, P;) is downward-sloping, aP:(gi-Pj) + 2t i.e., c, i.e., firm i has market power. (c) Calculate the limits of the equilibrium prices and profits as t → 0. What is P;(qi, p;) as t → 0? Is it downward sloping? Ar- gue that…
Consider a duopoly market, where two firms sell differentiated prod- ucts, which are imperfect substitutes. The market can be modelled as a static price competition game, similar to a linear city model. The two firms choose prices p1 and p2 simultaneously. The derived demand functions for the two firms are: D1 (P1, P2) = ; + and D2 (P1, P2) =+ 2, where S > 0 and the parameter t > 0 measures the degree of product differentiation. Both firms have constant marginal cost c > 0 for production. S P2-P1 2t S (a) Derive the Nash equilibrium of this game, including the prices, outputs and profits of the two firms. Pj-Pi derive (b) From the demand functions, q; = D; (pi, Pj) = the residual inverse demand functions: p; = P;(qi, Pi) (work out P:(qi, Pi)). Show that for t > 0, P:(q;, P;) is downward-sloping, aP:(gi-Pj) + 2t i.e., 0 as given, firm i is like a monopolist facing a residual inverse demand, and the optimal q; (which equates marginal revenue and marginal cost) or pi makes P;(qi, P¡) =…
1. Two firms (A and B) play a competition game (i.e. Cournot) in which they can choose any Qi from 0 to ¥. The firms have the same cost functions C(Qi) = 10Qi + 0.5Qi2, and thus MCi = 10 + Qi. They face a market demand curve of P = 220 – (QA + QB). Now assume firm A chooses quantity first. Firm B observes this choice and then chooses its own quantity. d)Firm A has MRA = 150 – 4QA/3. What are the equilibrium QA and QB selected in this game? e)What is the equilibrium price, and how much profit does each firm collect?
1 Consider a duopoly with firm 1 and firm 2. Their cost functions are 2q₁ and cq2, respectively, where 2 < c < 10. The market demand function is p=10-Q, where Q=q₁+9₂. (a) Assume that the two firms play the Bertrand price game. Find the firms' price choices in the Bertrand equilibrium. (b) Assume that the two firms play the Cournot quantity game. Find the firms' quantity choices in the Cournot equilibrium.
Consider a duopoly market, where two firms sell differentiated products, which are imperfect substitutes. The market can be modelled as a static price competition game, similar to a linear city model. The two firms choose prices p, and p2 simultaneously. The derived demand functions for the two firms are: D1 (P1, P2) = SG+P1)and D2 (P1, P2)= S(;+-P2), where S > 0 and the parameter t > 0 measures the 2t 2t degree of product differentiation. Both firms have constant marginal cost c> 0 for production. (a) Derive the Nash equilibrium of this game, including the prices, outputs and profit of the two firms. (b) From the demand functions, qi= D¡ (p; , p¡ )= SG+P), derive the residual inverse demand functions: p; = P; (qi , p¡) (work out: P; (qi , P;)). Show that for t > 0, P;(qi , P;) is downward 2t aPi (qi ,Pj) . sloping, i.e., c, i.e., firm į has market power. %3D (c) Calculate the limits of the equilibrium prices and profit as t → 0 ? What is P; (qi , p;) as t → 0? Is it downward sloping?…
Initially there are six firms producing differentiated products. The demand function for the good produced by firm i, i=1,2..,6, is given by qi = 10-2pi+0.3 summation pj where the sum is taken over the five prices other than firm i. Each firm has the same marginal cost c. The firms choose prices simultaneously; that is, they are differentiated products Bertrand competitors. (a) Solve for the symmetric Nash equilibrium prices. (b) Suppose that you observe each firm to set a price of 4.8. What must c be? (c) Suppose that two of the six firms merge to become a single firm. The firm continues to produce both goods. Using the marginal cost you found in (b), derive the new post-merger Nash equilibrium prices.
Consider a Cournot duopoly. The inverse demand function of the market is given by p = 10-Q, where p is the market price, and Q = 91 +92 is the aggregate output. The marginal costs of the two firms are C₁ 1 and C₂ = 4. = (a) Solve for the Nash equilibrium of the game including firm out- puts, market price, aggregate output, and firm profits. (b) Now suppose these two firms play a 2-stage game. In stage 1, they produce capacities 9₁ and 92, which are equal to the Nash equilibrium quantities of the Cournot game characterised by part (a). In stage 2, they simultaneously decide on their prices p₁ and P2. The marginal cost for each firm to sell up to capacity is 0. It is impossible to sell more than capacity. The residual demand for 10 Piāj if Pi > Pj firm ij, is Di (Pi, Pj) = 10-Pi 2 = if pipi. (Note, if Pi < Pj 10 - Pi here we assume that the efficient/parallel rationing applies). Prove that it is a Nash equilibrium of the second stage subgame that each firm charges the market clearing…
OLIGOPOLY 1.- Each of two firms, firms 1 and 2, has a cost function C(q) = 30q; the inverse demand function for the firms' output is p = 120-Q, where Q is the total output. Firms simultaneously choose their output and the market price is that at which demand exactly absorbs the total output (Cournot model).(a) Obtain the reaction function of a firm.(b) Map the function obtained in (a), and graphically represent the Cournot equilibrium in this market.(c) Repeat (b), this time analytically.(d) Now suppose that firm 1's cost function is C(q) = 45q instead, but firm 2's cost is unchanged. Analyze the new solution in the market.(e) Obtain the total surplus, consumer surplus, and industry profits in both cases, and compare. What is the effect of the worsening in firm 1's cost?
13) Two identical firms are engaged in Cournot competition, with cost functionsTCA(QA) = 30 QA and TCB(QB) = 30 QB. The market demand is given by P = 480 –3Q.a) Plot the best response functions and report the Cournot-Nash equilibrium quantities, price and profits.b) What are the prices, quantities, and profits for the firms if they decide to collude and share profits equally?c) Show that firms have an incentive the deviate from the collusive outcome.d) Find the Stackelberg equilibrium if A leads and B follows.e) Show the equilibria in the previous parts on the inverse demand function. Calculate and identify consumersurplus and deadweight loss in each equilibrium. If you can only answer a limited amount of questions, please answer d and e :)
Consider Hotelling's model (a street of length one, consumers uniformly distributed along the street, each consumer has a transportation cost equal to 2t, where t is the distance traveled). Suppose there are two gas stations, one located at 1/4 and the other located at 1. (a) Calculate the demand functions for the two firms. (b) If the two gas stations compete in prices and settle at a Nash equilibrium, will they charge the same price for gasoline? (assume that production costs are zero, that is, firms maximize revenue).