Basing off of the structures of monosaccharides, explain how a simple sugar can nucleophile. You may use a monosaccharide of your choice to illustrate this. act as both an electrophile and/or a CH2OH CH2OH НО C=0 C=O HO- H- Н-с-он H- HO- Н-с-он HO FH H- -HO- НО -с-н CH2OH Но H- CH2OH ČH2OH CH2OH
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- Diagram the cyclization of monosaccharides which leads to the formationof pyran rings. Required: Please show me a correct and step by step process of the diagram and show me the correct drawing of the pyran ring.Convert the Fischer projection to the Haworth projection of the a-furanose form by moving the substituents to the appropriate positions. The anomeric carbon is shown. CH₂OH -H Cyclization -OH -OH CH₂OH Answer Bank CH₂OH HO- -H H- OHRNA hydroloysis under alkaline conditions involves the intramolecular displacement. 2¹ hydroxyl group nucleophile 5' hydroxyl group 3¹ phosphate acidophile 0.1M NaOH electrophile phoshpodiester 5' phosphate 3' OH group 4' hydroxyl group 1' phosphate 1' OH group + es las a in
- Which of the following statements is correct regarding the structures below? CHO CHO CHO -Н НО H НО н- ОН -Н - ОН CH2OH CAB All are structures of D-sugars. All are structures of ketohexoses. Only CAR is a monosaccharide. O Only CAP is a L-sugar. -ОН -ОН H-OH H-OH H- ОН CH₂OH CAR но-н H-OH н НО т н-он CH₂OH CAP CH₂OH Fo НО-Н H НО-Н H он CH₂OH CATBased on the structure of sucrose below, is it classified as a reducing sugar? ОН 6CH OH 5 5 ОН 3 6CH OH a-Glucose 2 ОН 0. ОН HO 3 1 ОН ОН 2 CH₂OH 1 B-Fructose ОН CH₂OH ОН CH₂OH ОН OH НО a, B (1-2) linkage CH₂OH Sucrose + H2ODraw the step-by-step procedure of linear form (Fischer Projection) of a- D Glucose and B- D Glucose to Haworth. anomeric carbon H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-Č-OH anomers of glucose HO-C-H но-с—н H Č-OH H-C-OH H-ċ-o H-C-0- CH,OH ČH,OH a-D-glucose В-D-glucose
- А CH2OH B CH2OH CH2OH OH OH Но CH2OH OH OH ČH2OH ОН, ОН OH ÓH ОН ÓH D CH2OH OH CH2OH CH2OH Но ỌH OH CH2OH ÓH ÓH Он OH Which of the following is/are reducing sugar/s? Why?Of course, one cannot stick a piece of tape to each carbon atom in the actual glucosemolecule. But one can do the next best thing: use radioisotopes to trace themovement of various atoms. Specifically, because carbon dioxide is a gas, usingradioactive C-14 allows for the easy detection of the 14CO2 that is given off.Suppose you introduce one glucose molecule that has had all of its carbons radioactivelylabeled. Suppose further that each step in glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle takes oneminute to complete (so glycolysis, for instance, takes ten minutes to complete, theconversion to acetyl CoA takes one minute, and the citric acid cycle takes eight minutes).Draw a plot of time (x-axis) versus radioactivity detected by a gas sensor (y-axis). Labelthe x-axis with enough time increments so it is clear at what minute the radioactivitywas detected. Use differing peak heights to give an indication of the amount ofradioactivity detected at that point.Draw the step-by-step procedure of linear form (Fischer Projection) of a- D Glucose and B- D Glucose to Haworth. Paste the picture of your drawing below this image anomeric carbon H-č-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH anomers of glucose HO-C-H но-с—н H-C-OH H-Ċ-OH H-C-0- H-C-0- CH,OH CH,OH a-D-glucose B-D-glucose
- In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom was developing new insecticides by modifying sugars with chlorine (Cl2), phosgene (Cl2CO), and other toxic gases. One young member of the team misunderstood his verbal instructions to test a new molecule. He thought he had been told to taste it. Luckily for him, the molecule was not toxic, but it was very sweet. It became the food additive sucralose. Sucralose has three chlorine atoms substituted for three hydroxyl groups of sucrose (table sugar): The altered sugar binds so strongly to the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue that the human brain perceives it as 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Sucralose was originally marketed as an artificial sweetener called Splenda, but it is now available under several other brand names. Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered. Some people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?Example 14.6 The oxygen requirement for cell growth in glueose can be represented by the following equation (Mateles, 1971) 32NC+8(Nh2)+16(No2) Fx/sM +yo2 – 2.67yc + 1.714YN2 – 8y H2 ro2 = In which ro2 is the oxygen required for each gram of cells produced, N stands for no. of atoms present in each molecule substrate, y stands for mass fractions and M is the MW of the substrate. The yeast cell may be considered to be CH1.800.5NO.2. Calculate rO2 if the yield factor (Yx/s) is 0.46g of cells produced for each gram of substrate consumed.1)Since bromelain is an endopeptidase, what types of bonds does it work on? 2)Since bromelain is an endopeptidase, what types of bonds does it work on?