1. Based on the Cytochrome C data, which organism is most closely related to humans?2. Do any of the organisms have the same number of differences from human Cytochrome C? In situationslike this, how would you decide which is more closely related to humans?3. Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species in 1859. Of the different types of evidence thatyou have examined, which do you think he relied upon the most, and why? Molecular BiologyCytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria. It is used in the study of evolutionary relationships becausemost animals have this protein. Cytochrome c is made of 104 amino acids joined together.Below is a list of the amino acids in part of a cytochrome protein molecule for 9 different animals. Anysequences exactly the same for all animals have been skipped.For each non-human animal, take a highlighter and mark any amino acids that are different than the humansequence. When you finish, record how many differences you found in the table on the next page.5742 43 44 46 47 49 50 53 54 55 56T A K N K GHumanQ AР|Chicken QAT D K N KGIHorseQA РKKG ITunaQAKGIFrogQAKGISharkQ A QKGITurtleQAGIMonkey QNKGIRabbitN K G I100 101 102 103 104HumanChickenHorseTunaFrogSharkTurtleMonkeyRabbitawaWAOEPVFEEKAATITITITIKАGOGGYFFFFFFYFSSSSSSSSSJEEEZEOEEwOOEwwwwooFFFFFFFFFDTTTTQ A V58 60IGTGT KV N NTT Q QTT LTD T LTEDTLAnimal Number of Amino AcidDifferences Compared toHuman Cytochrome CHorse5Chicken 7Tuna 11Frog9TTT6162 63EDTTTTTT L64LLLلالالالالالالا||ΣΣ|Σα Σια|ΣΣΣOOOO EADDLDDD65MMML RMRMMMXXXKKK66ZSZSZZZINNSEEEEEXXXSXOXXEEENKDKKKDKXXXKKKKXXAAAAAAAASTTTTUATFFТТТТсАТТÖzSzSSASZ ZSEKEKSKEENNАNKТAnimal Number of Amino AcidDifferences Compared toHuman Cytochrome CShark14Turtle8Monkey 1Rabbit 4N

Introduction : Cytochrome c is a protein with a molecular weight of around 12 KDa that is highly…

Answered: Based on the Cytochrome C data, which…

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305073951

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter9: From Dna To Protein

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3DAA

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Question

1. Based on the Cytochrome C data, which organism is most closely related to humans?
2. Do any of the organisms have the same number of differences from human Cytochrome C? In situations
like this, how would you decide which is more closely related to humans?

3. Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species in 1859. Of the different types of evidence that
you have examined, which do you think he relied upon the most, and why?

Molecular Biology
Cytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria. It is used in the study of evolutionary relationships because
most animals have this protein. Cytochrome c is made of 104 amino acids joined together.
Below is a list of the amino acids in part of a cytochrome protein molecule for 9 different animals. Any
sequences exactly the same for all animals have been skipped.
For each non-human animal, take a highlighter and mark any amino acids that are different than the human
sequence. When you finish, record how many differences you found in the table on the next page.
57
42 43 44 46 47 49 50 53 54 55 56
T A K N K G
Human
Q A
Р
|
Chicken Q
A
T D K N K
G
I
Horse
Q
A Р
K
K
G I
Tuna
Q
A
K
G
I
Frog
Q
A
K
G
I
Shark
Q A Q
K
G
I
Turtle
Q
A
G
I
Monkey Q
N
K
G
I
Rabbit
N K G I
100 101 102 103 104
Human
Chicken
Horse
Tuna
Frog
Shark
Turtle
Monkey
Rabbit
awaWAOEPV
FEEK
AA
TITITITIK
А
GOGG
Y
F
F
F
F
F
FYF
SSSSSSSSS
JEEEZEOEEw
OOEwwwwoo
FF
FFFFFFF
D
T
T
T
T
Q A V
58 60
I
G
T
G
T K
V N N
T
T Q Q
T
T L
T
D T L
T
EDT
L
Animal Number of Amino Acid
Differences Compared to
Human Cytochrome C
Horse
5
Chicken 7
Tuna 11
Frog
9
T
T
T
61
62 63
EDT
T
T
T
T
T L
64
L
L
L
لالالالالالالا
||ΣΣ|Σα Σια|ΣΣΣ
OOOO EAD
D
L
D
D
D
65
M
M
M
L R
M
R
M
M
M
XXX
K
K
K
66
ZSZSZZZ
I
N
N
SEEEEE
XXXSXOXX
EEE
N
K
D
K
K
K
D
K
XXX
K
K
K
K
XX
AAAAAAAA
STTTTUATFF
Т
Т
Т
Т
с
А
Т
Т
ÖzSzSSASZ Z
SEKEKSKEE
N
N
А
N
K
Т
Animal Number of Amino Acid
Differences Compared to
Human Cytochrome C
Shark
14
Turtle
8
Monkey 1
Rabbit 4
N

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