b. Find the equilibrium interest rate by setting the demand for central bank money equal to the supply of central bank money. c. What is the overall supply of money? Is it equal to the overall demand for money at the interest rate you found in part (b)? d. What is the impact on the interest rate if central bank money is increased to $300 billion? e. If the overall money supply increases to $3,000 billion, what will be the impact on i? [Hint: Use what you discovered in part (c).]

Exploring Economics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781544336329
Author:Robert L. Sexton
Publisher:Robert L. Sexton
Chapter24: Fiscal Policy
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 5P
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2. The money multiplier
The money multiplier is described in Section 4-4. Assume the following:
i. The public holds no currency.
ii. The ratio of reserves to deposits is 0.1.
iii. The demand for money is given by
M =SY(8 – 41)
Initially, the monetary base is $100 billion, and nominal income is $5 trillion (i.c.
$5000 billion).
a. What is the demand for central bank money? (Write down an expression for the
demand for central bank money)
b. Find the equilibrium interest rate by setting the demand for central bank money
equal to the supply of central bank money.
c. What is the overall supply of money? Is it equal to the overall demand for money
at the interest rate you found in part (b)?
d. What is the impact on the interest rate if central bank money is increased to $300
billion?
e. If the overall money supply increases to $3,000 billion, what will be the impact on
i? [Hint: Use what you discovered in part (c).]
Transcribed Image Text:2. The money multiplier The money multiplier is described in Section 4-4. Assume the following: i. The public holds no currency. ii. The ratio of reserves to deposits is 0.1. iii. The demand for money is given by M =SY(8 – 41) Initially, the monetary base is $100 billion, and nominal income is $5 trillion (i.c. $5000 billion). a. What is the demand for central bank money? (Write down an expression for the demand for central bank money) b. Find the equilibrium interest rate by setting the demand for central bank money equal to the supply of central bank money. c. What is the overall supply of money? Is it equal to the overall demand for money at the interest rate you found in part (b)? d. What is the impact on the interest rate if central bank money is increased to $300 billion? e. If the overall money supply increases to $3,000 billion, what will be the impact on i? [Hint: Use what you discovered in part (c).]
1. Automatic stabilizers
In Chapter 3, we have assumed that the fiscal policy variables G and T are
independent of the level of income. In the real world, however, this is not the case.
Taxes typically depend on the level of income and so tend to be higher when income
is higher. In this problem, we examine how this automatic response of taxes can help
reduce the impact of changes in autonomous spending on output.
Consider the following behavioral equations:
C =c, +c,Y,
T = 1, + 1,Y
Y, = Y -T
G and I are both constant. Assume that 1, is between 0 and 1.
a. Solve for equilibrium output.
b. What is the multiplier? Does the economy respond more to changes in
autonomous spending when 1, is 0 or when 1, is positive? Briefly explain.
c. Why is fiscal policy in this case called an automatic stabilizer?
Transcribed Image Text:1. Automatic stabilizers In Chapter 3, we have assumed that the fiscal policy variables G and T are independent of the level of income. In the real world, however, this is not the case. Taxes typically depend on the level of income and so tend to be higher when income is higher. In this problem, we examine how this automatic response of taxes can help reduce the impact of changes in autonomous spending on output. Consider the following behavioral equations: C =c, +c,Y, T = 1, + 1,Y Y, = Y -T G and I are both constant. Assume that 1, is between 0 and 1. a. Solve for equilibrium output. b. What is the multiplier? Does the economy respond more to changes in autonomous spending when 1, is 0 or when 1, is positive? Briefly explain. c. Why is fiscal policy in this case called an automatic stabilizer?
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